1) OBSERVATION
In general, the notion of observation is a way of gathering information which is carried out by observing and systematically recording the phenomena that are the target of observation.
Observations can be carried out in a participatory and non-participatory manner. In participatory observation, the observer engages himself in the middle of observing. Whereas in non-participatory observation, the observer acts as a spectator only. Observations can also be experimental in nature, carried out in artificial situations or carried out in natural situations. While systematic observation carried out with a very mature planning.
The following is an example of an observation sheet:
In the evaluation of learning outcomes where non-systematic observation is used, namely observation where the observer or evaluator in observing and recording is not limited by a definite framework. So, the observation activities are limited only by the purpose of the observation itself.
For example: a teacher makes observations at several prayer rooms, in order to find out and then assess the activity of his students in carrying out the taraweh and witir prayers.
The advantages of observation are:
a. Observation data is obtained directly from the field, such data is objective in describing aspects of the student's personality according to reality.
b. Observation data includes various aspects of the personality of each individual student.
The disadvantages of observation are:
a. If the teacher is less proficient in making observations, then his observations become less reliable.
