1. Definition of Non-Test Instruments
The non-test instrument is an assessment instrument to obtain an overview, especially regarding characteristics, attitudes, or personality. The non-test technique is an assessment tool that is used without going through a test. The non-test technique is a way of assessing student learning outcomes which is carried out without testing students but by making systematic observations.(Rina Suryani, 2019) (Rinto Hasiholan Hutapea, 2019)
2. Forms of non-test instruments
a. Observation
In general, the notion of observation is a way of gathering information (data) by observing and systematically recording the phenomena that are being observed. Observation as an evaluation tool is widely used to assess individual behavior or the process by which an activity is observed, both in actual situations and in artificial situations.
Observations can measure or assess learning outcomes and processes, for example: the behavior of students when the religious education teacher delivers lessons in class, the behavior of students during recess or when there is a vacancy in the lesson, the behavior of students during congregational prayers at school mosque, religious lectures, and so on.
There are three types of observation, namely direct observation, indirect observation, and participant observation. Direct observation is an observation made of the symptoms or processes that occur in an actual situation and is directly observed by the observer. While indirect observation is carried out using tools such as a microscope to observe bacteria, a solar lens to see skin pores. Participatory observation means that observers must involve themselves or participate in activities carried out by the individual or group being observed. With this participatory observation, observers can appreciate, feel, and experience themselves like the individuals they are observing.
Observations can also take the form of experimental observations, namely observations made in artificial situations. In experimental observation where the expected behavior appears because students are subjected to certain treatment or conditions, observation requires careful planning and preparation.
The advantages of observation are:
1. Â The data obtained can be more objective in describing aspects of the personality of students according to real circumstances.
2. Â Observational data can cover various aspects of the personality of each individual student, thus the processing is not one-sided or only emphasizes one aspect of their learning skills or achievements.
