Semantic translation involves the procedure of translating data from a single representation or data structure to another form or data model with the use of semantic information.
- Idiomatic Translation
According to Larson, idiomatic translation applies meaning-based translation during the translation process. Idiomatic translation is meaning-based translations which make every effort to communicate the meaning of the source language text in the natural forms of the receptor language (Larson, 1984: 17)
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
1. Direct Translation Technique
When structural and conceptual components of the source language can be transferred into the target language, direct translation techniques are applied. Techniques for direct translation include:
- Borrowing
The act of borrowing is the direct transfer of words from one language to another with no translation. Many English terms are "borrowed" by speakers of other languages; examples include words such as software in the technology sector and funk in culture. The terms abbatoire, caf, pass, and rsum are all borrowed from French; hamburger and kindergarten are all borrowed from German; bandana, musk, and sugar are all borrowed from Sanskrit.
- Calque
A sentence that has been translated verbatim word-for-word from another language is known as a calque or loan translation. They frequently appear in specialized or globalized fields.
Breakfast, which originated in French and is now known as djeuner in Europe, has been adapted into English. Certain calques may gain broad acceptance in the target. For the majority of people, other calques' meanings might be fairly confusing.
- Literal Translation
Depending on the sentence structure, a word-for-word translation can be applied in some languages but not in others. Not every sentence is capable of being translated literally when a sentence may be done so in other languages.
2. Oblique Translation Techniques
When it is difficult to translate directly from the structural or conceptual parts of the source language, without changing the meaning or altering the grammatical and stylistic components of the target language, oblique translation techniques are utilized. Techniques for indirect translation include:
- Transposition
The procedure through which translated components of speech alter their order. Diverse languages frequently have diverse grammatical systems. This demands that the translator is aware of the fact that a word category in the target language may be changed without impacting the meaning of the source text.
- Modulation
