TRANSLATION IDEOLOGY
The ideology of Translation is selected based on the translation philosophy, which is already an existing entity within the translator. In simple terms, the ideology of translation effectively exists outside of the text or at the super general level.
- Ideology's Importance in Translating.Â
Ideology is an essential factor that can have an impact on both the translation process as well as the end result made available to the public. When translating in political situations, taking ideology into account and taking advantage of it might result in errors and represent the power dynamics from a specific point of view.
- Ideology's Function in Translating
In the practice of translating, ideology is crucial. Ideology, which includes both the translator's own ideology and the society's dominating ideology, controls the translation process.
- Â The Ethics of Translation
Stated by the ethics of translation that, unless obliged by law, the translator must always maintain the confidentiality and privacy of the information included in any paperwork submitted by the client for the intention of translation. All provided information must be kept secret and cannot be duplicated, shared, or published.
TRANSLATION METHODS
Examples of translation techniques are the following:
- Â Communicative and Interpreting Translation
This technique generally works with simultaneous and consecutive translation and focuses on comprehending and recreating the original text without making major changes. It accomplishes the desired outcomes while maintaining the original goal. Major modifications are not permitted, and neither are the purpose nor the genre.
- Word-for-Word Translation
This technique, which is often known as word-for-word translation, stands out by the precise replication of linguistic components from the source text. There should be no grammatical or stylistic modifications. It should be truly connected to the original's morphology, syntax, and/or meaning. Since maintaining the linguistic structure or formatting of the original material is more important than changing it, the purpose of the translation allows for some adjustments.
- Free Translation
Even if broad meaning is lost, the goal of free translation is to preserve the functionality of the original language. The information must not be altered. It's acceptable to adjust some categories, such as social and cultural context, genre, or communication dimension. These adjustments vary depending on the intended readership (for example, if the material is intended for children), a new title, a different setting, or a personal preference. The simplest way, but it doesn't work for all types of texts; before approaching translation "freely," we must be aware that the categories provided are subject to change at any time.
- Literal Translation
A technique where a text is translated word-by-word, without considering the context of the words as they are employed in a sentence or phrase. When a language is translated literally, its structure is carried over into the target language. A literal translation doesn't offer much in the way of communication.
- Semantic Translation
Semantic translation involves the procedure of translating data from a single representation or data structure to another form or data model with the use of semantic information.
- Idiomatic Translation
According to Larson, idiomatic translation applies meaning-based translation during the translation process. Idiomatic translation is meaning-based translations which make every effort to communicate the meaning of the source language text in the natural forms of the receptor language (Larson, 1984: 17)
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
1. Direct Translation Technique
When structural and conceptual components of the source language can be transferred into the target language, direct translation techniques are applied. Techniques for direct translation include:
- Borrowing
The act of borrowing is the direct transfer of words from one language to another with no translation. Many English terms are "borrowed" by speakers of other languages; examples include words such as software in the technology sector and funk in culture. The terms abbatoire, caf, pass, and rsum are all borrowed from French; hamburger and kindergarten are all borrowed from German; bandana, musk, and sugar are all borrowed from Sanskrit.
- Calque
A sentence that has been translated verbatim word-for-word from another language is known as a calque or loan translation. They frequently appear in specialized or globalized fields.
Breakfast, which originated in French and is now known as djeuner in Europe, has been adapted into English. Certain calques may gain broad acceptance in the target. For the majority of people, other calques' meanings might be fairly confusing.
- Literal Translation
Depending on the sentence structure, a word-for-word translation can be applied in some languages but not in others. Not every sentence is capable of being translated literally when a sentence may be done so in other languages.
2. Oblique Translation Techniques
When it is difficult to translate directly from the structural or conceptual parts of the source language, without changing the meaning or altering the grammatical and stylistic components of the target language, oblique translation techniques are utilized. Techniques for indirect translation include:
- Transposition
The procedure through which translated components of speech alter their order. Diverse languages frequently have diverse grammatical systems. This demands that the translator is aware of the fact that a word category in the target language may be changed without impacting the meaning of the source text.
- Modulation
Using a phrase that is different in the source and target languages to express the same meaning is known as modulation. By using modulation, the translator can shift the message's point of view without changing its content or making the target text's reader feel unpleasant. Within the same language, it is frequently used. A reader will respond, "Yes, this is how we say it in our language" when they encounter this kind of point-of-view shift in a message.
- Reformation or Equivalence
This method requires you to say something entirely differently, such as translating idioms or commercial slogans. Though creative, the procedure is not always simple.
- Adaptation
An expression that is distinct to one language culture is adapted when it is used in a familiar or suitable manner in a language culture that is distinct from the original. It represents a change in the social environment.
- Compensation
In general, compensation can be implemented when an item cannot be translated and the lost meaning is nonetheless communicated in the translated text in another place. Peter Fawcett defines it as "...making good in one part of the text something that could not be translated in another".
