Using a phrase that is different in the source and target languages to express the same meaning is known as modulation. By using modulation, the translator can shift the message's point of view without changing its content or making the target text's reader feel unpleasant. Within the same language, it is frequently used. A reader will respond, "Yes, this is how we say it in our language" when they encounter this kind of point-of-view shift in a message.
- Reformation or Equivalence
This method requires you to say something entirely differently, such as translating idioms or commercial slogans. Though creative, the procedure is not always simple.
- Adaptation
An expression that is distinct to one language culture is adapted when it is used in a familiar or suitable manner in a language culture that is distinct from the original. It represents a change in the social environment.
- Compensation
In general, compensation can be implemented when an item cannot be translated and the lost meaning is nonetheless communicated in the translated text in another place. Peter Fawcett defines it as "...making good in one part of the text something that could not be translated in another".
