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Himpunan Mahasiswa Ilmu Ekonomi (HIMIESPA) merupakan organisasi formal mahasiswa ilmu ekonomi Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis Universitas Gadjah Mada DI Yogyakarta.

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Childfree: Stepping Up Women's Freedom of Choice Against a Falling Economy

3 November 2021   18:00 Diperbarui: 3 November 2021   19:56 1120
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Grafik 2. Effect of Becoming a Father on Ln Annual Earnings: NLSY 1979-2006

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Kyodo. 2019. Elderly citizens accounted for record 28.4% of Japan's population in 2018, data show. The Japan Times 15 Sept 2019. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/09/15/national/elderly-citizens-accounted-record-28-4-japans-population-2018-data-show/ 

McDonald, Peter. 2008. Very Low Fertility Consequences, Causes, and Policy Approach.The Japanese Journal of Population, Vol,6. No.1 

Miettinen, A., Rotkirch, A., Szalma, I., Donno, A., and Tanturri, M. L. (2015). Increasing childlessness in Europe: Time trends and country differences. Stockholm: Stockholm University (FamiliesAndSocieties Working Paper 33).

Nagarajan K.V. 1980. Testing for a possible non-linear relationship between income and fertility implied in the theory of demographic transition: the U.S. case, 1909-1957. Genus. no. 36(3/4):159-69.   

Population Institute East-West Center. 1989. Costs and Benefits of Children: Implications for Population Policy. Asia-Pacific Population & Policy No.8.  

Tanturri, M. L., & Mencarini, L. (2008). Childless or childfree? Paths to voluntary childlessness in Italy. Population and Development Review, 34(1), 51--77.

The World Bank. Development Indicators. The World Bank, Databank, World Development Indicators

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