"Pillar of Competitiveness"

Furthermore, (Mo, 2001) estimated a direct and indirect effect of corruption on economic growth using a long term growth rates of per capital GDP from 1970 to 1985. The study identifies three transmission channels namely, investment, human capital and political stability. A regression is run using the corruption perception index of Transparency International, variables measuring the three transmission channels and other control variables. 

The result indicates that one unit increase in the corruption index reduces the growth rate by about 0.545 percentage point. However, the direct effect of corruption becomes insignificant in both ordinary least squares (OLS) and two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation after controlling other variables. A strand of studies has also shown the link between corruption and poverty. For instance, (Rose-Ackerman, 1997) found that corruption aggravates the problem of poverty through the following channels.

a. The poor will receive a lower level of social services.

b. Infrastructure investment will be biased against projects that will aid the poor.

c. The poor may face higher tax or fewer services.

d. The poor are disadvantaged in selling their agricultural produce. e. Their ability to escape poverty using indigenous small-scale enterprise is diminished.

Corruption is one of the mental illnesses of infectious official especially in our intitution because every act of corruption involves many people with different roles. That corruption which spread everywhere which weakened the legitimacy of the government. Corruption in the procurement of public goods and services and inside charging fees to defame a government that seeks support the legitimacy of the community.

His sentence was killed or crucified or cut off from his hand or exiled. shows the sequence of penalties that can be applied to the offender depending on the impact of the damage he is doing. The lightest is exiled. If the sanction is insufficient for the offender then the next is hand cut. If it is still not considered in accordance with its behavior then it is crucified. And finally is killed. (Al-Tabatabai, 20

Every public official who has been proven to have committed corruption in order to be beaten with rattan by all Indonesian people. After that, their hand was cut in front of the public. when they (Ex-Corruptor)  no longer have hands but remain corrupt. 

Then, the punishment should be awarded a penalty in the form of cutting the neck. In our opinion, prison sentences are not right because they do not make them deterred and there is no learning for this nation. This punishment  is learning for officials who intend to corrupt to think about the consequences of their actions.

Heavy sanctions, both cutting hands and the death penalty for perpetrators of corruption  are not excessive. This must be a serious consideration for decision makers and law enforcement. Here are some things that can be considered: (Imantoro, 2010)