This conflict has caused various adverse impacts felt by the Ethiopian people, especially in Tigray. Nearly 40% of the population in Tigray suffer from food insecurity, food insecurity, and a significant increase in gender-based violence in the absence of access to proper health services, social welfare, and justice (USA for UNHCR, n.d.).
 According to UNICEF, at least more than 2.8 million children did not have the right to education in 2021 due to conflict and have previously been hampered by the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, many children have not been able to return to school (Wilson Center, n.d.). Then, this conflict has also made children vulnerable to the threat of hunger, disease, and violence (Omer, 2024).
Not only that, but the Eritrean Defense Forces (EDF) also committed abuses against civilians during the war against Tigray forces working with the Ethiopian National Defense Forces (ENDF) to engage in bombings, looting, and occupying schools, which are often used for other crimes including rape with weapons.Â
Thus, this conflict has resulted in a significant reduction in the number of health workers, a reduction in maternal and child health services, as well as an increase in malnutrition, the burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases, and gender-based violence (Gesesew et al., 2021).Â
And at least 5.5 million people have been forced to flee their homes and take refuge in other parts of Ethiopia and it is estimated that more than 52,000 civilians have been killed. The United Nations reported that 27 aid workers have been killed since November 2020, killing an Ethiopian Red Cross ambulance driver and an International Rescue Committee worker (Human Rights Watch, 2022).
Based on the OCHA report in February 2022, this conflict has resulted in:
1.8 million people in Tigray need the support of Camp Coordination and Camp Management both food, drinking water, medicine, bedding and kitchen utensils throughout Eastern Ethiopia.
More than 9 million people are in need of food assistance in northern Ethiopia, especially for people in hard-to-reach areas.
3.9 million people in Tigray need health services and interventions. At least 888,000 children in Tigray need oral polio vaccination. And more than 1.6 million children under five years old and pregnant and lactating women need malnutrition prevention and treatment interventions.
      In addition to causing a humanitarian crisis, this conflict also has an impact on the economy in Ethiopia (Studies, n.d.). According to Antonio Guterres, who is the Secretary General of the United Nations, this conflict has cost the country more than $1 billion, including for military spending.Â
In 2021, the country's economic growth is expected to decline from the previous year, which was 2% and not only have an impact on Tigray but also on the entire region and other sectors such as mining, manufacturing, and agriculture.Â
