Izutsu, Toshihiko. The Concept of Belief in Islamic Theology. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, 2006.
Abu Zahrah, Muhammad. Tarikh al-Madhahib al-Islamiyyah. Kairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, n.d.
Al-Ash'ari, Abu al-Hasan. Maqalat al-Islamiyyin. Kairo: Maktabat al-Nahdah al-Misriyyah, 1969.
Al-Baghdadi, Abd al-Qahir. Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq. Beirut: Dar al-Afaq al-Jadidah, 1977.
Departemen Agama RI. Al-Qur'an dan Terjemahnya. Jakarta: PT. Sygma Examedia Arkanleema, 2009.
Al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din. Mafatih al-Ghayb. Beirut: Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-'Arabi, 1420 H, vol. 10.
Al-Qurtubi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Al-Jami' li Ahkam al-Qur'an. Kairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyyah, 1964, vol. 15.
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. Ihya' Ulum al-Din. Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifah, n.d., vol. 1.
Madjid, Nurcholish. Islam Doktrin dan Peradaban. Jakarta: Paramadina, 1992.
Azra, Azyumardi. Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII & XVIII. Bandung: Mizan, 1994.
Abdurrahman, Moeslim. Islam Transformatif. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1995.