International Conference on Peace &Conflict Management (ICPCM)

This paper also uses the concept of peace and conflict resolution by Johan Galtung. It is said between peace scientists that Hugo Grotius is the first man who defines what is conflict. He said that the peace is the absence of war nor direct violence (1625 on Dobrosielski, 1987). On the other hand, Raymond Aron (1966 on Barash, 1999) states the peace as "a condition of more or less lasting suspension of violent modes of rivalry between political units" and Burton added that conflict happens because the unsatisfied of human needs[1].

 In the basic assumptions of peace and conflict, peace scientists believe that conflict always exists because the basic identity of humanity is being different, so that there is no long-lasting peace, as well as we can not end conflict, what we can do is to manage conflict. In this conflict, there is a concept of competitive-victimhood, whereas each conflict actor does anything to be seen as the worst-hatred-miserable victim than the other.

 In the modern time, peace becomes one interesting study subject on the universities and one of the most prominent scholar in peace studies is Johan Galtung that said structural violence happened when the richness of state, groups, or individuals coming from sources, works, other groups, and other people that could make them in poor way (Monez, 1973)[2].

In the relation of violence itself, there are 2 (two) types of violences; Physical/Direct violence: organized dan unorganized (Birgit Brock Utne, 1989) and Structural Violence. The second is more related to government-people or state-non-state actors relationship. This cross-cutting concept has created positive peace and negative peace, while negative peace means there is no war, but yet human rights have been fullfilled.

Analysis

Seoul was the capital of South Korea. Seoul City can be said to be an industrial city, there must be 100 meters tall buildings, cafes, and shopping centers. No one ever wonder earlier that the city was never collapsed and was destroyed during the 1950-1953 Korean War. In the city of Seoul itself, is the most appropriate path to analyze the history of the mentality of both the Korean nation. "Historical Events" is the first Seoul during the Korean War.

In the minds of the people from both Korea, Seoul is a city that can not be forgotten in history because the city is one of the two countries' military defense base in the Korean War. During the three years of that war, Seoul became silent witness to the murder of millions of victims of non-combatants and combatants millions of victims of war anyway. Infrastructure and the central government collapsed. Seoul, at that time, there is no hope.

Seoul became mental identity and create a collective memory of the dark people of both Korea, both North Korea, and South Korea, because it has been embedded in the heart, that the central government was able to be destroyed. Seoul is also evidence of two sisters in the same language and culture can be fighting and killing each other...........

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(to be continued after revision in International Journal of Social Science and Humanities)