International Conference on Peace &Conflict Management (ICPCM)

This full paper is under reviewed by reviewers and after revision it will be published in International Journal of Social Science&Humanities.

International Conference on Peace and Conflict Management

25th August 2017 at Galle Face Hotel, Colombo, Sri Lanka

 

"Nuclear as Part of Peace Process in Korea"

Written by: Jeanne Francoise, Bachelor of Humanities, Master of Defense

Indonesia Defense University

"By concerning 50 millions people having forced migration today because of conflicts, there is no humanitarian intervention, the rational one is political intervention."

-- Antonio Guterres

Abstract:

This paper that would be presented on International Conference on Peace and Conflict Management, 25th August 2017 at Galle Face Hotel, Colombo, Sri Lanka, has an academic hypothesis that in the United Nations new leadership under Secretary General Antonio Guterres and United States new presidency under Donald John Trump, South and North Korea are still in the negative peace, while they have proven a cold war since Korean War 1953. Besides of the modernisation and higher mobility among their citizens to inbound or outbound, both North and South Korean government remains unpredictable of their politics, including their nuclear programs.

Thus, this paper is aimed to give some objectives of analysis about nuclear program in South Korea, based on field research in South Korea in June 2014, as part of obligatory course under full scholarship of Indonesia Defense University, as well as to show an academic hyphotesis about the future of unificaton or remaining-disintegration of South and North Korea.

To analyze the problems, this paper uses the theory of historiography by March Bloch and concept of peace and conflict resolution by Johan Galtung. This paper is highly assumed to be an eye opener for UN Security Council to do some real actions to prevent such conflict and in the more wider scope, this paper is hoped to be a blueprint for Indonesian government to facilitate the power of diplomacy among indonesians who love Koran culture, music, and culinary, so that they understand at what stake level is the Korean defense system.

Keywords:Korea, Nuclear, United Nations

"Nuclear as Part of Peace Process in Korea"

Historical Background

Former Secretary General of the United Nations Kofi Annan said South Korea has transformed itself from a country that receives the greatest support, now has become a major donor countries (Annan, 2012, p.248). South Korea has managed to rebuild infrastructure and social order of the country for 60 years after the Korean War.

The Korean War was a war extension of the two great powers during the Cold War. Dimensions existing military during the Korean War to justify that the Korean War was not just a civil war and was the first military action of the Cold War. Korean Peninsula, which originally controlled by Japan, became the stage power of the two camps.

These two camps then conflicting and politica naturalist, divide Korea into two Similarly, the southern region which is capitalist backed the United States and the northern region of the ideology of the communists supported the Soviet Union and China (excerpted from the book Prihantono, 2013, "Korean War: Conflict of Two Brothers ").

Until now, the two Koreas are still "cold war" and North Korea still commit acts of provocation, both military and non-military to provoke a war between the two countries. The truce that binds the two countries is not a guarantee of both countries will be at peace. So how binoculars future of South Korea? This study is a brief observation the author was carrying out fieldwork Foreign Affairs in Seoul and found interesting observations regarding the future direction of South Korea, through the approach of historiography.

Method of Analysis

This paper uses historiographical approach to capture the vivid moments and the critical stages of South Korea and North Korea history by defining themselves and defining each-other. Historiographical approach is the most appropriate method to recognize both the Korean nation is the history of mentalities. The history of mentalities (L'historie de la mentalit), as part of historiographical apporach, aims to understand the nations for at least 30 years by watching the events of a remarkable history and events of everyday of experienced people (Bloch, 1988).

This paper also uses the concept of peace and conflict resolution by Johan Galtung. It is said between peace scientists that Hugo Grotius is the first man who defines what is conflict. He said that the peace is the absence of war nor direct violence (1625 on Dobrosielski, 1987). On the other hand, Raymond Aron (1966 on Barash, 1999) states the peace as "a condition of more or less lasting suspension of violent modes of rivalry between political units" and Burton added that conflict happens because the unsatisfied of human needs[1].

 In the basic assumptions of peace and conflict, peace scientists believe that conflict always exists because the basic identity of humanity is being different, so that there is no long-lasting peace, as well as we can not end conflict, what we can do is to manage conflict. In this conflict, there is a concept of competitive-victimhood, whereas each conflict actor does anything to be seen as the worst-hatred-miserable victim than the other.

 In the modern time, peace becomes one interesting study subject on the universities and one of the most prominent scholar in peace studies is Johan Galtung that said structural violence happened when the richness of state, groups, or individuals coming from sources, works, other groups, and other people that could make them in poor way (Monez, 1973)[2].

In the relation of violence itself, there are 2 (two) types of violences; Physical/Direct violence: organized dan unorganized (Birgit Brock Utne, 1989) and Structural Violence. The second is more related to government-people or state-non-state actors relationship. This cross-cutting concept has created positive peace and negative peace, while negative peace means there is no war, but yet human rights have been fullfilled.

Analysis

Seoul was the capital of South Korea. Seoul City can be said to be an industrial city, there must be 100 meters tall buildings, cafes, and shopping centers. No one ever wonder earlier that the city was never collapsed and was destroyed during the 1950-1953 Korean War. In the city of Seoul itself, is the most appropriate path to analyze the history of the mentality of both the Korean nation. "Historical Events" is the first Seoul during the Korean War.

In the minds of the people from both Korea, Seoul is a city that can not be forgotten in history because the city is one of the two countries' military defense base in the Korean War. During the three years of that war, Seoul became silent witness to the murder of millions of victims of non-combatants and combatants millions of victims of war anyway. Infrastructure and the central government collapsed. Seoul, at that time, there is no hope.

Seoul became mental identity and create a collective memory of the dark people of both Korea, both North Korea, and South Korea, because it has been embedded in the heart, that the central government was able to be destroyed. Seoul is also evidence of two sisters in the same language and culture can be fighting and killing each other...........

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(to be continued after revision in International Journal of Social Science and Humanities)