The Epistemology of Maqbul Hadith by Al-Ghazaly

Hadith Maqbul is isim maf`ul of qabala yaqbalu, maqbul, accepted, agreed. Maqbul against is mardud rejected. And what is symbolized by the maqbul hadith is that the hadith received all the requirements to accept a hadith. While mardud hadith is any hadith that is lost or at least one hadith must be accepted. So what maqbul hadith means recovery of hadith, all the conditions for maqbul hadith can be met as allil law. Menurut sebagian besar ulama, bagian dari maqbul mhost express Dr Mahmud di Tahan adalah hadits sahih lizatihi, sahih ligairihi, hasan, lizatihi, dan hasan ligairihi.

Sahih lizatihi Hadith 

Definition and classification. Sahih as a language against saqim. Whereas, in the hadith sense, sahih is: Hadith to sanad, written by someone else, only dabit get all (qualities) identical up to sanad no syaz no `illat. [Ajjaj alKhatib: 1989: 303] From the above definition it can be understood, this can be a hadith sahih state that has five complete requirements. The five requirements of hadith teachers are as follows: 1) Hadith Sanad should be continued. This means everyone gets hadith directly from different people above, from first sanad to last sanad and Prophet Muhammad is the source of hasist. Hadith is not an indirect audio channel, it cannot be called authentic hadith, like hadith munqati, mu'dal, mu'allaq, mudallas 

 other indirect sanad. 2) Those who told him to be "a pious nation, those who say hadith must be a" pious, Muslim, rational, religious, do nothing materialistic, do nothing disturbing vandalism "uh (proud) So righteousness is its manifestation, uniting some of the muslims, mukallaf and stopping the things made of matter and the causes that can destroy man [ Fathurrahman: 1970: 120] 3) The receiver of the task must be familiar with it, properly execute the received hadith, understand its meaning until it is delivered or he can update the hasiths with errors, award change, etc can change hasiths. Narrator Dabit 

 can be divided into two, namely dabit sadran, which is a powerful ability to memorize and remember, and dabit kitaban in the form of notes or written notes. 4) The books of hadith are not syaz. Syaz means hadith that does not harm people other than siqat (believes in people). 5) Hadith avoids pain. The meaning of illat in hadith, is something unclear or hidden that can spoil the hadith. Sepintas hadits itu shahih, namun jika kita ingin lebih spesifik lagi, kekurangan yang terlihat akan merusak hadits tersebut. Misalnya, hadits munqati (sanadnya rusak) adalah hadits yang diperintahkan sanadnya, atau hadits mauquf adalah hadits marfu dan lainnya. Kelima, syarat di atas menjadi barometer untuk menentukan bahwa hadits tersebut adalah hadits shahih. Jika syarat kelima terpenuhi, maka hadits tersebut dinamakan hadits shahih lizatihi

Hadith Sahih Ligairihi

Hadith Sahih Ligairihi is hasan hadith lizatihi if it is transmitted by other media of the same quality and stronger than it. [Mahmud At Tahan: 1979: 50]. This hadith is called sahih ligarihi hadith, because for him authenticity is not based on sanad, but on a solid chain and in the same position as sanad or stronger than it.

Hadith Hasan Lizatihi 

Depending on the language, hasan is fine. And symbolized by the hasith of hasan according to ibn Hajar when Khabar Ahad was entrusted to his dabit by a pious and perfect man, furthermore ne syaz and illat refer to sahih lizatihi, if the dabit is lower, called hasan lizatihi. [Ibn Hajar Al Asqalany: 1984: 52]. 

 With this definition we can know that hadith hasan lizatihi is a hadith having five requirements of a sahih hadith as mentioned earlier. The only difference is that in hadith sahih sahih lizatihi, the memory is said to be perfect, but in hadith hasan lizatihi, the memory is said to be almost perfect. Hadith hasan Ligairihi Hadith Hasan Ligairihi is a da`if (weak) hadith, if there is more than one and the cause is weak then there is no cause for deception. [Mahmoud At Tahan: 1979: 51]. The fourth type of hadith is the maqbul hadith that can be used as legal evidence according to the majority of scholars. Four types of hadith above, hadith daif does not have the conditions as sahih lizathi, sahih ligairihi, hasan lizatihi and hasan ligairihi so it is classified as hadith mardudu (rejected) rather than the law of proof.

Result and DiscussioN