Abu Bakar's Diplomacy In Leadership at The Time of His Leadersip

Then Abu Bakr fought them, this battle was known as the Riddah war. The Riddah War prioritized those who were reluctant to pay Zakat. The word Riddah or "Apostasy" in this case does not contain the meaning as contained in the law of Fiqh. At that time the Arabs did not turn to Shirik's beliefs. They still recognize the oneness of Allah, it's just that they don't want to pay Zakat. According to them zakat is considered a tax and is felt like an obligation that demeans their dignity. There are also those who consider that the collection of zakat by the Prophet Muhammad SAW alone can clean up and eliminate the mistakes of zakat payers. This happened because of a misinterpretation of one of the verses regarding zakat. Another problem faced by Abu Bakr was the emergence of false prophets. Among those who claimed to be prophets were Musailamah al-Kazzab (from the Bani Hanifa) in Yamamah, Al-Aswad Al-Amsi in Yemen and Thulaihah Ibn Khuwailid from Bani Asad.

Against the group of false prophets, Abu Bakr mobilized his army. The troops sent were successful in their mission. Musailamah was killed at the hands of Wahshi (Murderer of Hamzah's uncle of the prophet in the Battle of Uhud when he was a polytheist). As for Al-Aswad who once called himself Rahman al-Yaman had been killed before that. With this victory, Abu Bakr was able to subdue the entire peninsula and succeed in suppressing the rebellion of the apostates. Progress in Abu Bakr's Government Although the initial phase of the Caliphate of Abu Bakr was filled with chaos, he continued to insist on continuing the plan of the Messenger of Allah to send troops to the Shiria region under the leadership of Usama bin Zaid.

He argued, that it was the plan of the Prophet and in order to strengthen the security of the Islamic region from the invasion of Persia and Byzantium. The political step taken by Abu Bakr was very strategic and had a very positive and successful impact. Furthermore, expanding into the Iraqi and Syrian regions. The expansion into Iraq was led by commander Khalid bin Walid. Meanwhile, Syria was led by Amru Ibn Ash, Yazid bin Abi Sufyan, and Syurahbil bin Hasan. Khalid's troops were able to conquer Al-Hirrah in 634.

However, the Islamic army that was heading for Syria, except for Amru Ibn Ash's army was having a hard time because the opposing party, the Byzantine army, had far greater strength and far more perfect war equipment. To help the Islamic forces in Syria, Abu Bakr ordered Khalid bin Walid to immediately leave Iraq for Syria, and he was given the task of leading the entire army. Khalid obeyed Abu Bakr's instructions. They won the battle, but unfortunately, the victory was not witnessed by Abu Bakr because when the battle was raging he fell ill and soon he died. In addition to efforts to expand Islamic territory, he also contributed to the collection of Al-Qur'an verses which had been scattered all over the place.

This effort was carried out on the advice of Umar bin Khattab. At first, he was rather difficult to carry out this task because it had never been done by the prophet. However, 'Umar gave many reasons. Among the reasons is that many friends who memorize the Qur'an die on the battlefield and are feared that they will be completely used up. In the end, Abu Bakr agreed. Henceforth he assigned Zaid bin Thabit to work on the task of gathering it. Abu Bakr as a companion of the Prophet who tried to emulate he tried as much as possible to improve public welfare. For this reason, he formed the Bait al-Mal institution, a kind of state treasury or financial institution. Its management was left to Abu Ubaidah, a friend of the prophet who was called Amin Al-'Ummah (Ummah Trust). During the time of Abu Bakr, the activities of bait al-mal still remained as in the time of the prophet Muhammad.

In the early stages Abu Bakr became caliph, he gave 10 dirhams to each person. Then in the second stage, he gave 20 dirhams to individuals. The function of Bait al-Mal is to manage state revenue and expenditure responsibly for the maintenance of the public interest. Bait al-Mal is the mandate of Allah and the Muslim community. Therefore, he does not allow income or expenditure contrary to what has been determined by the Shari'ah. In addition to establishing Baitul Mal he also established a judicial institution whose leadership was handed over to Umar bin Khattab.