World megatrends that affect the growth of transportation infrastructure in Indonesia include geo-economic changes, world demographics, global urbanization, international trade, global finance, middle income class, competition for natural resources, climate change, technological advances, and geopolitical changes. Meanwhile, the trend in Indonesia shows an increase in the number of people living in urban areas to 69% by 2045 (Bappenas, 2018).
In that year, people can get used to new habits of transportation with less physical movement (all activities can be done from anywhere), autonomous (unmanned vehicles), personalized (personalized services), electric power replacing fossil fuels, use of IT , point-to-point (door-to-door service), seamless (both at nodes and segments), shared (shared service using facilities and infrastructure), green, connected (via smart network).
Logistics 4.0 is a new paradigm of logistics services by utilizing internet networks that are increasing rapidly, able to communicate various activity subsystems and exchange data in "real time", effectively, efficiently. Implemented by “Smart Services” and “Smart Products”.
In meeting future demand trends for freight transport, which include:
- Increasing e-commerce services (digital and online-based transactions) triggers the growth of demand for freight transportation.
- The growth of the marketplace that has an impact on logistics service providers.
- The development of e-commerce has changed the behaviour/culture of delivering goods in the form of small packages/parcels that are faster and more practical as needed.
- The need for a freight/delivery tariff information system, tracking and tracing system (as a monitoring tool).
- movement of goods), to pick-up services directly in front of customers/consumers (door-to-door).
Several challenges need to be addressed towards logistics 4.0 with concrete steps such as:
- Logistics 4.0 focuses on the use of new and innovative technologies based on internet and ICT networks for fast-paced solutions:
- Delivery reliability
- Delivery quality
- Delivery flexibility
- Service level
- It is necessary to change the behaviour/culture of the freight transportation business in the application of industry 4.0 concepts, logistics 4.0, internet of things, big data for planning, controlling, monitoring, and implementing information and material, goods, and financial flows.
- Logistics management 4.0 requires support: IT iteration, easy access, and digital procedures, need a revolution in honest behaviour, trustworthy, conveying the truth, and intelligent and wise
Meanwhile, the policy directions for sea transportation modes related to the industrial era 4.0 in 2020-2024 include:
- Improving the Quality of Safety and Public Services at Ports
- Improved port safety and services by revitalizing ports and implementing online ticketing at 6 pilot ports (Pilot Project) (Kaliadem Port, Bau-Bau, Tulehu, Tanjung Pinang, Surabaya and Tarakan).
- Information Technology Improvement
- Improvement and development of Inaportnet and DO Online, development of Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) and other shipping telecommunication tools.
The program for digitizing shipping and port operations using information technology is to increase speed, regional coverage, transparency, and anti-monopoly with the Ministry in developing IT-based applications such as; Inaportnet, IMRK, DO Online, Vessel Monitoring & Management System (tracking position, cargo & passenger), as well as those owned by logistics supply chain startups and courier applications such as Gosend, Paxel, Iruna, Ritase etc.
Ports must be able to provide complete information for service users. This can happen if the systems in the port are connected to each other. Several major ports in Indonesia are currently actively developing the digitization of port services. However, it is still running partially.
Smart port is a port management system based on information technology (IT), implementing logistics interconnectivity, utilizing renewable energy, and managing ports in a sustainable manner. The implementation of this system will have an impact on logistics traffic that is much more efficient, cheaper, environmentally friendly, and more profitable. For example, the Terminal Altenwerder Hamburg, Germany, which has applied the smart port concept based on robots.
The use of automatic unloading tools with the support of an IT system provides many benefits, including; First, activities can run more effectively and efficiently, because they do not require a lot of manpower, both operational and administrative staff. Second, it is environmentally friendly, because it does not use solar energy but electricity, so it can reduce air pollution, dust, vibration and sound. Third, productivity is more stable and can work 24/7, because it does not recognize fatigue and decreased concentration as if manned by a workforce. Lastly, paperless, because all correspondence and administrative activities such as printing notes are carried out through the IT system, so as to reduce meetings with service users and minimize abuse of authority.
Source: Prof. Dr. Ir. Agus Taufik Mulyono, MT., IPU., ASEAN Eng 2018-2020, BAPPENAS 2018, IPC 2020, KEMENHUB 2020-2021
