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Language, Gender, and Culture

18 Agustus 2024   22:44 Diperbarui: 18 Agustus 2024   23:44 42
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Language, Gender and Culture
Author: Yemi Ogunsiji (Phd), Farinde R.O (Phd) & Adebiyi C.O.
Reviewer: Tatu Zakiyatun Nufus 


Introduction
Language and culture are intertwined and they impact to gender where men and female use the language, Culture defines as a man's way of life which he acquires as a member of groups in society, it includes knowledge, laws, values, customs, religion and rules. In line with this, Dasylva (2007: 3) provides culture as people's civilization and determine its identity. From these words, we know that culture is not only the basis of community but it also create interaction among people. The culture is created through language that used among speakers, and language used as a vehicle of culture and all forms of language in the creation of cultural characteristics. (Ogunsiji, 2012)


Language and Gender
Language and gender correlates each other. It's become the main issue that has trend in three last decades in study field of sociolinguist. Such as, the issue of male dominance over women in speech has been documented in (fishman 1983, west, 1995). In other study, it found there is the difference between women and men speech, women talked is viewed as being cooperative, while the men's talk is considered as being very competitive. (Coates, 1996, Tannen, 1990). In line with this case, Adegbite (2009) did the research on cultural influence on gender, language and society which invites debates among researcher, then it emerge the point of agreement as well as debates of gender issues that includes the social construction of gender, the indirect relationship between gender and discourse, gendered discourse as a resource and gendered discourse as a constraint which underlies.


Moreover, Macdonald (1980) studies husband --wife power relationship and finds out decision making indicators such as turn-taking interruptions as the primary indicator of power lies with husband. It is argued that the male symbolized that the man are powerful while the women are weak. To support this, Hul's (1989) studied on how decision --making indicators in the family of both high status (factory director) and low status (janitor). In this study, the mothers have a winning chance of 70% while the fathers only have 50%.  From this numbers, the reviewer sees that mothers in the family have more conversational power than husbands. It is obvious that power is negotiable and being contestable between the husband and wife. Men can be powerful in the workplaces while in their homes women have more power than men.(farinde, 2006)

Gender and Culture
The word "gender" can be seen as a term that makes references to the sex-role identity. According to Encarta Encyclopedia (2005) 'gender' and 'sex' are often interchangeably. Sex refers to the biological and physical characteristics which make person to be male or female at birth, while 'gender' it refers to the behaviors that are associated with the member of that sex. (Ogunsiji, 2012). Gender and culture have a great role to social change. Akorede and Olaleye (2008) said that women have always been looking outside their group to justify their predicament. It prohibited women from saying or doing something that can do by opposite sex. Those differences show how the men and women are different in all sides including language, culture and gender. But those differences should be taken as consideration and need to be respected as a culture which leads to the diversity of gender perspectives.


From the description above, there is not a specific role about men and women talk or behavior in society; it depends on how the culture sees about the culture at that community. This case relates to the linguistic form differences between men and women. It supported by Poynton (1989) that the men interrupt women in a conversation that includes two or more people in the level of discourse. While in the switching pause, white males have a longer pause after their turn than do white females do. In other case, men used more command than women to show the power and authority and women tend to be more polite to use interrogative in giving command. Therefore, it cause gender parity among the men and women in all sides. (Farinde,2012).


Conclusion
In conclusion, the description about Language, Gender and culture gives the new perspective about how these three topics are correlated. They tied each other to show how Female or men gender uses the language in communication to create culture among speakers in community.


Reference:
Ogunsiji Y., Farinde R.O.,& Adebiyi C.O (2012) Language, Gender, and Culture. British journal of Arts and Social Science. ISSN: 2046-9578,vol.6. no. 2.

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