Islam, a religion that is practiced by all people, is based on the idea of rahmatan lil alamin, which holds that all people are affected by the existence of a political, legal, and economic system. Islam has a place in politics as a concept and field. It is applied integratively as a way for politicians and thinkers to protect the affairs of the people so that they continue to uphold Islamic principles and participate in a mission that is conducted in accordance with Islamic law. The bulk of the population of Indonesia is Muslim, which is reflected in political philosophy and its application through an Islamic basis as sharia provisions and an Indonesian political policy paradigm.Â
The political system in Indonesia operates under a democratic framework based on the sovereignty of the people, the rule of law, and a republican form of government. This system is understood to include the structures and functions used to govern and exercise power within the state. Indonesia's political system is evident in its constitutional democracy, representative system, and presidential government. Additionally, the system is grounded in the values of Pancasila, which inform the creation of rules, policies, and laws. The political power in Indonesia is divided among three branches: the executive, legislative, and judiciary, each performing its duties in line with the country's development and progress.
The implementation of democracy in Indonesia can be examined by observing how it functions within the context of its predominantly Muslim population. With a total population of 275.5 million, of which 236 million are Muslims, Islam holds a significant position in Indonesia's demographic landscape. This prominent presence of Islam plays a crucial role in shaping Indonesian political life, influencing the formulation of policies that align with Islamic law and values.
Islam's role in Indonesia's political framework reflects the integration of Islamic culture in the political process. Islamic culture, which is practiced according to Sharia and passed down through generations, is evident in what is known as Islamic political culture. This culture involves applying politics based on Islamic values, guiding policy, and decision-making processes in Indonesia's democratic system.
In Indonesian politics, the concept of Ulil Amri emphasizes the alignment of Islamic values with policy implementation, serving as a guideline for the people's obedience. Islamic political culture in Indonesia represents a blend of nationalism, unity, and religious values, which contribute to the political configuration that encourages community participation in policymaking and governance.
The application of Islamic culture in Indonesian politics is characterized by principles such as deliberation, justice, and accountability. Deliberation, a key aspect of Islamic culture, is highlighted in Q.S. Al-Imran verse 3, which encourages forgiveness and unity. This principle ensures that political decisions are made collectively and fairly, reflecting the values of Pancasila and the inclusion of the community in electoral processes.
Justice, as reiterated in Q.S. Al-Nahl verse 16, commands doing good and fairness, a value deeply ingrained in Islamic culture and politics. This principle manifests in the political arena through opportunities for individuals to represent the government and advocate for justice.
Accountability, derived from Q.S. Al-Anfal verse 8, emphasizes the responsibility of leadership. This value is reflected in government policies aimed at helping those in need, such as social assistance and disaster relief. Islamic organizations play a crucial role in overseeing and ensuring that these policies align with Islamic values and the principles of Pancasila.
The integration of Islamic culture in Indonesia's democratic system demonstrates how Islamic values influence governance, ensuring that policies and decisions reflect the people's collective will and adherence to divine principles. Islamic political culture in Indonesia thus shapes the nation's political configuration, reinforcing the importance of community involvement and religious values in the democratic process. Consequently, Islamic culture significantly influences Indonesia's political landscape, embodying universal Islamic teachings in the nation's governance.
