Prophet Muhammad SAW's Conflict Resolution Technology in The Hudaibiyah Agreement

In the verse above interpreted by the scholars that he consulted with them before deciding to fight, he accepted their majority proposal. Even though he himself was less pleased; he didn't curse and blame the archers who left their base, but only gently reprimanded them and so on. The Prophet in running the Islamic government in a centralized (top-down) manner guided by the Al-Qur'an and al-Hadith. It does not rule out the possibility that the ijtihad of the friends is also used in determining a legal issue, but still asking the Prophet for consideration. This consideration is then called the Prophet's decree. The Prophet's way of resolving conflicts in a win-win way can be explained by the following approach:

• Hudaibiyah MoU negotiation diplomacy, which in the end these negotiations brought a real victory for the Prophet when he returned to Medina. Tutun the revelation of the Qur'an Surah Al-Fath paragraphs 1-2. Meaning: "Indeed, We have given you a clear victory. That May Allah forgive you for your past and future sins perfect His favor upon you and guide you to the straight path." This event is referred to by the Koran as Fathun Mubiinun (real victory). This was one of the most significant diplomacy and it never reached the Prophet along with the Quraysh. The role of diplomacy with the negotiating skills played by the Prophet was large enough to risk the Hudaibiyah agreement taking place six years after the Hijrah. Principles, methods, and the genius and wisdom of the Prophet in building communication and negotiations, for the success of diplomacy the principles can be clarified on diplomatic propaganda strategies and mechanisms for the next generation, in addition to the need for diplomatic steps to appear and answer the challenges of da'wah wherever and whenever, of course according to the situation at hand. So as an alternative contribution to an effective conflict resolution and da'wah approach.
• Al-Hikmah, Al-Mau`izah and Exploration of interactive dialogues, this is based on the Al-Qur'an surah An-Nahl verse 125 which means: "Call (people) to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good lessons and them in a good way. Truly your Lord is he who knows better about those who have gone astray, and he is the one who knows best those who are guided." This verse indicates the basis for resolving conflicts, one of which is with the right words, truth and strong arguments. Convincing with mau'idzoh hasanah (good advice) and interactive dialogue well adapted to conditions.
• Diplomacy of Reconciliation of Medina Muslims and Mecca Quraysh, by creating a community for Medina and the Quraish people who have lived in Medina for a long time. With the agreement of a revolutionary state concept and based on faith. Where the Quraysh in Medina still get the same treatment (equality), Muslims are free to practice their own beliefs and beliefs as Quraysh, and freedom of religion is guaranteed, that they are considered Muslim brothers.
• Personal Approach, did not cause turmoil and surprise among the people of Quraysh. One of the believers who went through this preaching was Abu Bakr. If at that time they wanted to perform worship at the Grand Mosque, they would enter in secret so that a group of Quraysh people would not know. With this personal approach, Prophet Muhammad combined efforts and surrendered himself to Allah or between effort and belief. From this one can also learn the lesson that the implementation of da'wah must also pay attention to the local situation.
• Correspondence Appproach, after the Hudaibiyah contract was signed by both parties which may reflect the political policies of the Prophet Muhammad it can be marked, which in the last two years has shown very rapid success and progress in favor of Islam, the first program is the spread of Islamic da'wah to non-Muslims such as Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrian polytheists. Second, it contains Islamic rules regarding charity, charity and others. These letters were addressed to Muslims who needed explanations from the Prophet. Third, issues that must be applied by non-Muslims to Muslim governments, such as the issue of jizyah. This is the key to the preaching of the prophet through correspondence, namely the global Islamic da'wah chart, inviting obedience, responsibility, and respect for others.
• Military Approach, the success of Islamic da'wah is not caused because Islam is a religion of war. But success is due to the propaganda that they fulfill the conditions of success and delivered by a dedicated professional orator. Although the Prophet tried to avoid animosity, he also had skills in fighting that his enemies did not have. Reluctance strikes first through war, for the prophet contends that war is an abomination and should only be carried out in a state of emergency. War may only be carried out when it is unavoidable. War is only permitted for self-defense purposes. Some of the war events as one of the military approaches taken by are the Battle of Badr, Khaibar and the conquest of Mecca. The military approach was taken with The Prophet as an alternative approach in the success of Islamic da'wah.

The conflict resolution technology in this hudaibiyah agreement is the embodiment of the inspiration of the Al-Qur'an which was explained and used by the Prophet throughout his life in preaching Islam from various ethnic groups in this hemisphere. In the end, the Medina Muslims agreed with the Prophet's move, because an agreement is better than war. Even though the Hudaibiyah agreement seemed to be detrimental to the Muslims, it was from this agreement that Rasulullah SAW was able to develop da'wah up to Hudaibiyah. Until Hudaibiyah became the entrance to the brilliance of the Muslims in conquering the City of Makkah (Fathul Makkah). The hudaibiyah agreement resulted in resounding successes such as the development of Islamic teachings, people's lives became safer and more peaceful, opening the way to the liberation of the city of Mecca from the polytheists of the Quraysh, and Muslims can relate to other Arab tribes. The method of conflict resolution with various approaches used is the effective conflict resolution of the Prophet Muhammad, even being the right and appropriate solution has shown its effectiveness for the success of effective Islamic da'wah. and extends throughout the Arabian peninsula as well as the political legitimacy and legality of Islamic rule. In this way, the religion of Islam easily spread to several Arab regions, and even Islam and its teachings spread to all corners of the world, even though the Prophet and his companions and followers received various reactions and threats. However, the results of the Hudaibiyah agreement showed that the Prophet's mission was increasingly open and accepted by the wider community. The method of conflict resolution with various approaches used is the effective conflict resolution of the Prophet Muhammad, even being the right and appropriate solution has shown its effectiveness for the success of effective Islamic da'wah. and extends throughout the Arabian peninsula as well as the political legitimacy and legality of Islamic rule. In this way, the religion of Islam easily spread to several Arab regions, and even Islam and its teachings spread to all corners of the world, even though the Prophet and his companions and followers received various reactions and threats. However, the results of the Hudaibiyah agreement showed that the Prophet's mission was increasingly open and accepted by the wider community. The method of conflict resolution with various approaches used is the effective conflict resolution of the Prophet Muhammad, even being the right and appropriate solution has shown its effectiveness for the success of effective Islamic da'wah. and extends throughout the Arabian Peninsula as well as the political legitimacy and legality of Islamic rule. In this way, the religion of Islam easily spread to several Arab regions, and even Islam and its teachings spread to all corners of the world, even though the Prophet and his companions and followers received various reactions and threats. However, the results of the Hudaibiyah agreement showed that the Prophet's mission was increasingly open and accepted by the wider community. and extends throughout the Arabian Peninsula as well as the political legitimacy and legality of Islamic rule. In this way, the religion of Islam easily spread to several Arab regions, and even Islam and its teachings spread to all corners of the world, even though the Prophet and his companions and followers received various reactions and threats. However, the results of the Hudaibiyah agreement showed that the Prophet's mission was increasingly open and accepted by the wider community. and extends throughout the Arabian Peninsula as well as the political legitimacy and legality of Islamic rule. In this way, the religion of Islam easily spread to several Arab regions, and even Islam and its teachings spread to all corners of the world, even though the Prophet and his companions and followers received various reactions and threats. However, the results of the Hudaibiyah agreement showed that the Prophet's mission was increasingly open and accepted by the wider community.

As for some of the lessons from this hudaibiyah agreement such as economic impact, stopping loss of life, opportunities for da'wah, preaching abroad, the opportunity to receive guidance.That is the content of the Hudaibiyah Agreement, an example of peace diplomacy ever made by Rasulullah SAW. Rasulullah gave an example of how his wisdom can overcome social conflicts that occur. So that Rasulullah SAW was given the title Al-Amin or someone who can be trusted. Then besides that Rasulullah SAW gave an example of how to overcome conflicts, namely by always negotiating. Even the Prophet agreed to the Medina Charter which regulates state administration, the rights and obligations of every citizen, so that everything runs in balance without having to be one-sided. Rasulullah SAW overcame this social conflict in addition to dialogue and negotiation, namely by enforcing arbitration or the existence of laws and regulations that were built.

            Rasulullah is the best role model of all time. In the twists and turns of his da'wah journey, he faced many challenges except with resolutions that brought goodness to Muslims. The figure that is very attached to the Prophet himself namely shiddiq, Amanah, tabligh, fathanah is reflected in how the Prophet used Islamic da'wah conflict resolution technology in the Hudaibiyah Agreement which is an example of the Prophet's diplomacy which was very effective and flexible. So that the strategy carried out by the Prophet shows that the Prophet's mission is increasingly open and accepted by the wider community and extends throughout the Arabian peninsula as well as the political legitimacy and legality of Islamic rule.

            So the hope is that we as human beings should be able to be useful for many people and not damage the surrounding environment. Be a good mediator and intermediary, and as a student don't forget your identity as a human being to continue to gain knowledge based on good religion, and still hold fast to the knowledge taught by the lecturers as a provision for engaging in society and upholding Aqidah and Akhlak in walking on all fronts, as a small contribution from the problems that will arise in the future.

References:

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Arini, S. D. (2022, Desember 14). Sejarah Perjanjian Hudaibiyah Antara Kaum Muslim dan Quraisy. Retrieved from Harapanrakyat.com: https://www.harapanrakyat.com/2022/12/sejarah-perjanjian-hudaibiyah/

Azizah, N. (2022, Januari 20). Sejarah Isi Perjanjian Hudaibiyah serta Latar Belakang & Hikmahnya. Retrieved from Tirto.id: https://tirto.id/sejarah-isi-perjanjian-hudaibiyah-serta-latar-belakang-hikmahnya-gnKV

Difinubun, R. (2018). Perjanjian Hudaibiyah . UIN Alauddin Makassar, 3.

Dr. Hasrat Efendi Samosir, M. (2019, 10 17). Kearifan Rasulullah dalam melerai konflik sosial. Retrieved from Universitas Meda Area: https://bkmattaqwa.uma.ac.id/2019/10/17/kearifan-rasulullah-dalam-melerai-konflik-sosial/