This system restricts individuals from moving from one social layer to another. Movement can only occur through birth, meaning a person's social status is determined by their family or lineage. A clear example of this system is the caste system still present in India, where individuals are born into a specific caste and find it difficult to change their caste.
Open Social Stratification
In this system, every individual has the opportunity to move up or down in social layers based on their abilities and efforts. For instance, a person can improve their social status through education or work achievements. Modern class systems often tend to be open, allowing for greater social mobility.
Mixed Social Stratification
This form combines both closed and open stratification. In mixed stratification, individuals from closed layers can move to areas with a more open stratification system. For example, someone from a lower caste may relocate to a region where the caste system is not enforced, thus having the chance to improve their social status.
Stratification Based on Wealth
This type of stratification is based on differences in ownership of wealth and resources. Wealthy individuals typically occupy the upper layers, while those with fewer resources are found in lower layers. Wealth also influences a person's lifestyle, including their clothing and shopping habits.
Stratification Based on Power
In this type of stratification, individuals or groups with political or social power tend to occupy higher positions in society. Examples include political leaders or influential community figures.
Stratification Based on Education
Educational attainment is another significant factor in social stratification. Individuals with higher education often achieve better social status compared to those with lower educational backgrounds.
