Hanafi thinking
Hasan Hanafi
1. Revitalize the classical Islamic treasures. Hasan Hanafi stressed that the need for rationalism to revitalize the Islamic treasury. Rationalism is a necessity for the progress and welfare of Muslims and to solve the present situation in the Islamic world.
2. The need to challenge Western civilization. He reminded of the dangers of western cultural imperialism that tends to eradicate the culture of nations that are wealthy.
3. Analysis of the reality of the Islamic world. He criticized the traditional methods that relied on the text (nash), and proposed a certain method so that the reality of the Islamic world could speak to itself.
Abid al-Jabiri thinking
The integration of metaphysical and epistemological studies in Islamic ideals which is holistic has a weakness which is less sharp in conducting studies in specific aspects. Because the dominance of kalam and sufism are too strong, so that the epistemology of Islam cannot develop naturally. Departing from this, Muhamad Abed Al Jabiri offered an epistemological reconstruction to help develop religious knowledge that was felt different from scholarship in the Western world. In general, Jabri's criticism is directed at Arab-Islamic reasoning which ultimately unites in turats or culture. In Jabiri's view, culture should be the point of criticism of reason so that the Arab revival project does not experience a historical break. Because the problem of the downturn of the Arabs actually dwell on the way they understand and treat culture, which tends to move circularly not moving towards renewal. In this case the epistemology of Islamic studies offered by Jabiri includes three aspects namely, bayani, irfani and burhani. Bayani Etymologically, Bayani means explanations, provisions and statements. While terminologically interpreted as a mindset derived from texts, ijma 'and ijtihad. This Bayani system appears as a combination of various kinds of rules and procedures for interpreting a discourse. This system is based on epistemological methods that use analogical thinking and produce knowledge in an epistemological way too, by relying on what is not known to what is already known, and what is not yet visible to what is already visible. According to Jabiri the authority of truth lies in revelation or text. The role of reason here is as a device to dissect the truth contained in the text. Furthermore, to gain knowledge from the text, the Bayani system takes two paths. First, stick to the text, using Arabic rules such as nahwu and sharaf. Second, hold on to the meaning of the text by using logic or reasoning as a means of analysis. Irfani Irfani literally means to know. This word is often used in Sufism discourse as a term to show a form of intuitive knowledge that is based on direct disclosure. Irfani's knowledge is not based on text but rather the revelation of the secrets of God's reality. Therefore, Irfani's knowledge is not obtained from text analysis, but through the spiritual path, through purity of heart. It is hoped that God will give his knowledge easily. Burhani Burhani epistemologically relies on natural or reality and empirical abilities. Social nature and humanities in the sense of science are obtained from the results of experiments and research. In measuring whether or not a Burhani method is based on human experience and reason regardless of revelation and text.The validity of truth in Burhani's epistemology is not only the valid use of logic, but also the compatibility between reason and reality and the laws of nature. This is in accordance with the principle put forward by Hegel, as quoted by Al Jabiri that only seeing conformity between reason and reality is a static view. According to him, dynamic views not only demand reason relevant to reality, but also with historical or historical aspects.
