    Â
  The history of mankind shows us that since ancient times, humans who live in groups have known the term leadership. Leadership touches on various aspects of human life, such as ways of working, neighbors, society, and even the state. How important leadership is and how much humans need it, until some people argue that the world or humanity in this world is essentially only determined by a few people, namely those who have the status of leaders, then what is leadership?
      (Sejarah umat manusia memperlihatkan kepada kita bahwa sejak zaman dahulu, manusia yang hidup berkelompok sudah mengenal istilah kepemimpinan. Kepemimpinan menyentuh berbagai segi kehidupan manusia seperti cara berkarya, bertetangga, bermasyarakat bahkan bernegara. Betapa pentingnya kepemimpinan dan betapa manusia membutuhkannya, sampai ada yang berpendapat bahwa dunia atau umat manusia di dunia ini pada hakikatnya hanya ditentukan oleh beberapa orang saja, yaitu yang berstatus sebagai pemimpin, lalu apakah kepemimpinan itu?)
       The importance of leadership in the world of education includes guiding a group so that the group's common goals are achieved. Leadership is a number of actions or processes of one or more people in using their influence, authority and power over other people, namely all components in the educational institution they lead to move the social system to achieve the goals of a good social system in the educational institution.
       Leaders have great responsibilities, because of their roles such as the ability to make decisions and skills in creating new ideas as society demands. Being not only required to master various leadership theories, but also to be able to apply them in the institution. Several principles that a leader must have in carrying out his leadership depend on the things he has been ordered to do.
First: Basic Concepts of Leadership
       Etymologically, "leadership" comes from the word "leader" in English, leader, the verb form of to lead, which means to lead. The leader is part of the symbol of an organization's identity, without a leader there will be no clear organization, it could even be said that there will be no organization, of course the best organizations have the best leaders based on appropriate moral values, culture and role models. with rules, agreements, abilities, styles, approaches and leadership behavior.
       Terry defines leadership as "Leadeship is the relationship in which one person, or the leader, influences others to work together willingly on related taks to attain that which the leader desires," Leadership is the relationship that exists within a person or leader in influencing other people to work together consciously in task relationships to achieve the leader's desired goals
Second: Theory, Methods and Techniques of Leadership Approach
        Leadership Theory
       In general, there are several theories about leadership, namely: (1) Advantage Theory; This theory states that a person will become a leader if he has advantages over his followers. (2) Trait theory, this theory states that a leader is good if; he has positive qualities so that his followers can become good followers too. (3) Heredity theory, this theory states that a person can become a leader because of heredity or by inheritance. (4) Charismatic theory, namely that a person can become a leader because; has charisma or has a very strong appeal. (5) Talent theory, states that leaders are born because of the talents they have; and (6) Social theory, stating that everyone can become a leader.
      Leadership Methods
       According to Ordway Tead, leadership methods are as follows:
- Giving Orders
- Give criticism and praise.
- Cultivate the correct personal behavior of leaders.
- Be sensitive to suggestions
- Improve the sense of group unity
- Creating self-discipline and group discipline
- Suppress untrue news and rumors
Leadership Techniques
       There are several types of leadership techniques, including the following:
Followership Technique: This technique is used to make people like to follow what the leader wants.
Human Relations Technique: This technique is a human relationship that aims to obtain psychological satisfaction and physical satisfaction.
Technique for Giving an Example, Encouragement and Encouragement: This technique makes leaders position themselves as providing examples, encouragement and encouragement
Third: Characteristics, Traits and Indicators of Leadership
      Characteristics of a Leadership Person
             The characteristics of a leader are based on the following principles: a) A lifelong learner, b) Service-oriented, c) Brings Positive Energy.
      Characteristics of Criteria of a Leadership Person
       There are several characteristics or criteria of a leader that are useful for his subordinates, namely: a) Desire to Accept Responsibility, b) Ability to be "Perceptive", c) Ability to Be Objective, d) Ability to determine priorities, e) Ability to Communicate
Fourth: Leadership Behavior Indicators
      Indicators of leader behavior include:
1) Directive Leader,
2) Supportive Leadership,
3) Participative Leadership,
4) Achievement Oriented Leadership
      In principle, the basic concept of leadership includes: Leadership is the relationship that exists within a person or leader in influencing other people; In leadership there are several theories, techniques and methods; leaders must have good character and traits; There are four indicators of leadership behavior.
*) tulisan ini merupakan resensi dari mata kuliah Pengawasan dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, diambil dari buku Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Islam. Kelas Non-Reg B/Semester II Program Studi Magister Manajemen Pendidikan Islam S-2 PPs. UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Pengampu MK... Prof. Dr. H. A. Rusdiana, MM.
Baca konten-konten menarik Kompasiana langsung dari smartphone kamu. Follow channel WhatsApp Kompasiana sekarang di sini: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaYjYaL4Spk7WflFYJ2H
