b. “Na-palu-ka i Ina” and wà –ma –na –ya -i
3sN-hit-PRF ART mother NEG report –MOD-3sG-3sD-ASP
Normally, adverbs appear directly adjacent to the verb, interfering between the verb and the clitic cluster, see the position of mema ‘immediately’ in (33). With wà, however, the adverb must appear to the right of the clitic, as in (34):
33) Ngandi mema –na –nggai
Take immediately -3sG -2sD
‘He brought it to you (pl.)’ immediately’
34) ‘U’ wà –na mema –nggai
yes report -3sG immediately -2pD
‘He agreed with you (pl.) immediately’
Other evidence comes from speech errors. Strikingly speaking, sentence (30) is ungrammatical because it contains two genitive markers.
35) “Ndia ná” wà –na –ma –du –na –nya-ka nú
NEG.EMP DEI report -3sG –MOD-MOD -3sG-3sD-PRF DEI
‘”No way!”, he said to me’
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Aitchinson, Jean; M.A., A.M. 1972. General Linguistic. London: The English Universities Press.
Echols, John M. and Shadily, Hassan. 1998. An Indonesian – English Dictionary: Third Editon. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Georgi, Doreen. Article: A Distributed Morphology Approach to Argument Encoding in Kambera.
Haspelmath, Martin. 2002. Understanding Morphology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Klamer, Merian. Article: ‘Report’ Constructions in Kambera (Austronesian).
Lyons, John. 1981. Language and Linguistic: An introduction. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Nasr, Raja T. 1978. The Essentials of Linguistic Science. Lebanon: Beirut University College.
O’Grady, William and Dobrovolsky, Michael. Contemporary Linguistic Analysis: An Introduction. Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman Ltd.
Richards, Jack; Platt, John and Weber, Heidi. 1985. Longman Dictionary Aplied Dictionry.
Shibatani, Masayosi. Article: The Attrition Of The Austronesian Focus System.
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