Usury, Is It Haram or Halal?

Usury Halal, or Haram ?. Before we go further on discussing halal or haram usury, we will discuss what is usury ?. So this usury is the determination of interest or exceeds the amount of the loan at repayment based on a certain percentage of the principal amount of the loan, which is charged to the borrower. Broadly speaking, usury has two forms, namely usury in debt and receivables transactions in the sale and purchase. At this time there are still many who debate about the forbidden and halal usury. The opinion was divided into two, some said that usury was haram and some said that usury was halal. 

There were not many scholars who said that usury was not haram. This problem also affects banks in Indonesia because in Indonesia it has two forms of banking, namely conventional banks and Islamic banks. Each bank has a different system where conventional banks use the interest system and Islamic banks use a profit-sharing system. In the beginning, the interest system was a banking problem because some thought that interest was included in the form of usury. 

Therefore, the Islamic banking is helped by using a profit-sharing system with this. There are still many problems that occur in this system because there are some people who say that the profit-sharing system is the same as the interest system which is included in the form of usury. Therefore, this usury debate still runs to this day. There is no appropriate solution to overcome this problem because it is difficult to unite the minds of many people to understand and like us. Even though there have been many propositions that say usury is right, but there are some people who are still clean, stating that usury is not haram.

In saying haram or halal usury, there should be many factors to determine it. One thing we must look at is the argument because there have been many Salil who say usury is haram. There are some dahlil who say that usury is haram, which is as follows:

1. From Jabir's friend Radhiyallahu Ta'ala Anhu 'he said, "The Prophet sallallaahu' Alaihi Wasallam has practiced usury-eaters, the person who gives/pays usury, the author, and also two witnesses. " And he also said, "They are the same in terms of their sins." (H.R. Muslim).
2. "One dirham from usury consumed by a person, and he knows, surely his sin is heavier than sin 36 (thirty-six) times committing adultery." (H.R. Ahmad and his sanad are classified as authentic).
3. "That usury has 73 (sin) doors, where the lightest door is equivalent to (sin) a person who marries his biological mother and the door which is the heaviest equivalent (sin) tarnishes the honor of a Muslim." (H.R. al-Hakim, and he confirmed it). The Prophet sallallaahu 'Alaihi Wasallam has also ordered to take what is lawful and clear, and leave the doubtful, let alone what is forbidden.

However, despite the many propositions that say that there are still people who contradict it. As the economist and former governor of Bank Indonesia and former finance minister Syafruddin Prawiranegara said, in his book said, "If interest, even in a reasonable or mild form, is not permitted for Muslim traders, then this prohibition will place it at a certain a very rigid, awkward, and unprofitable position when faced with opponents from the West and the Middle East, this will force him to follow artificial methods of making transactions or give other names to interest such as administrative fees, just to avoid said usury. " 

"Regarding the Qur'an and Sunnah, I do not find a single verse from the Qur'an or the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad that can blame my interpretation of usury." He indirectly said that bank interest does not include usury and usury is not haram. It was not only Pak Syafruddin Prawiranegara, the leader of the Islamic Unity (PERSIS), namely A. Hasan Bangil, who also stated emphatically that bank interest was halal because there were no doubled elements in it. If there is an opinion as above, there are also experts who argue that it is contrary to the Muhammadiyah Tarjih Council. According to this institution, the law regarding bank interest and usury is explained as follows:

1. usury is haram with the text of the Qur'an and As-Sunnah,
2. Banks with the usury system are illegitimate and banks without usury are lawful
3. The interest given by state-owned banks to their customers or vice versa which has been prevailing, including the case of musytabihat (still vague, unclear law so need further research)
Most scholars have also agreed that bank interest is usury, therefore it is also illegal. It is also clearly said in the Koran that usury is haram.

After learning more about it, I also agreed to the scholars who say interest is included in usury and usury itself haram as it is explained in the Koran expressly says usury is haram. That is what led to the emergence of Islamic banking where the governance system is by Islamic sharia. Many things that cause usury is forbidden one of these usury is very detrimental to us as bank customers who use the system. 

Also, the benefits that are obtained are only one side only in solidarity in religion, it is not permitted. So it is better to choose an Islamic bank because the system is very profitable for customers. Usury is burdensome to one party and also the interest given to the customer is only agreed to by one party even though it is finally agreed by the customer.