Tahlil Traditions of Muslims in Indonesia and the Teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. In Hadith
ABSTRACT
Tradition is a habit that is carried out by people from generation to generation. The traditions of the Islamic community in Indonesia have various patterns. Ancient archipelago scholars taught Islam through the culture and traditions of the Indonesian people. By not eliminating tradition, the scholars combined Islamic teachings with the local wisdom of the Indonesian people.
There needs to be an explanation of the arguments that allow it, given the many differences of opinion among the people. There are groups that claim that some Muslim traditions in Indonesia are Bid'ah, this is what makes this scientific article written to answer this problem. Among the Muslim traditions in Indonesia are tahlil and sending prayers to people who have died.
The research method used is library data collection that refers to the Qur'an, hadith, qoul ulama, journals, and articles. With this research, it can be found hadith that refers to the traditions of the Muslim community in Indonesia. As stated in the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad. "Surah Yasin is the essence of the Qur'an, those who read it will be forgiven of their sins by Allah SWT. Then read Yasin's letter to the dead." (HR. Abu Dawud). This hadith is a bright spot for the permissibility of tahlil and sending prayers to people who have died.
Keywords: tahlil, tradition, send prayers, hadith, proposition.
A. INTRODUCTION
1. Background
The traditions of the Islamic community are habits carried out by Muslims from generation to generation. The Muslim tradition in Indonesia is a legacy of da'wah from scholars or guardians who spread Islam in the archipelago. Adapan one of the Muslim traditions in Indonesia is tahlil and send prayers to people who have died. However, the legal status of this tradition is still being debated until now.
To reach the point of clarity, it is necessary to have a supporting argument for the permissibility of the tradition. This needs to be done because not a few of the Indonesian people consider tahlil and sending prayers to people who have died is bid'ah. In order to avoid fierce debate among Muslims, this scientific article contains the arguments and reasons for the permissibility of tahlil and sends prayers to the dead.
We as a pluralistic society, of course it is not good to blame without including evidence. Muslims must be wiser and smarter in choosing information or knowledge that develops in society. Al-Qur'an, sunnah, ijma', qiyas, and other reference books are also important in determining a law, not only based on unstable human rationality.
2. Literature Review
Dr. Khamim, M. Ag. in an article entitled "Reviewing the combination of Islamic teachings and local wisdom". The traditions of Muslims in Indonesia cannot be separated from the culture that develops in society, one of which is tahlil and sending prayers to people who have died. Tahlil comes from the word "hallala" which is then formed into "" which means reading . This term later developed into reading verses of the Qur'an and sending prayers to people who have died.
The group that says tahlil and sends prayers to people who have died is bid'ah. They refer to statements, tahlil and sending prayers to people who have died did not exist at the time of the Prophet Muhammad. He also never taught such practice. They also consider tahlil and sending prayers to be acts of fabricating worship.
To respond to this, Buya Yahya in his You Tube channel Al-Bahjah September 18, 2017 said "It does not mean that the Prophet SAW did not do. it violates the Shari'ah. Buya Yahya gave an example of the call to prayer twice in Friday prayers. This is not exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad. but will be done by a friend with a specific purpose.
3. Problem Formulation
a) What is meant by tradition?
b) What are the traditions of Muslims in Indonesia?
c) Why is tahlil considered heretical by some groups?
d) What are the evidences that show the permissibility of tahlil and sending prayers to people who have died?
4. Research Objectives
a) Knowing the meaning of tradition.
b) Knowing what traditions are carried out by Muslims in Indonesia.
c) Knowing the statements and reasons for tahlil and sending prayers to people who have died is bid'ah.
d) Knowing the arguments that allow the tradition of tahlil and send prayers to people who have died.
5. Research Method
The research method used is library data collection that refers to the Qur'an, hadith, qoul ulama, journals, and articles. With this research, it can be found hadith that refers to the traditions of the Muslim community in Indonesia. As stated in the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad. "Surah Yasin is the essence of the Qur'an, those who read it will be forgiven of their sins by Allah SWT. Then read Yasin's letter to the dead." (HR. Abu Dawud). This hadith is a bright spot for the permissibility of tahlil and sending prayers to people who have died.
B. DISCUSSION
1. Understanding Tradition
Tradition in the KBBI is a habit that is carried out continuously in society.[1] Tradition can also be interpreted as a cultural heritage carried out by the community from generation to generation. The traditions according to some experts are as follows:
a) Soerjono Soekamto. Tradition is a community activity that is carried out repeatedly and eternally.
b) Shils. Tradition is something that has been passed down from the past until now.
c) WJS. Poerwadaminto. Tradition is people's life that is carried out continuously.[2]
2. Traditions of Muslims in Indonesia
Indonesia is rich in traditions and culture. No exception with Muslims who have several traditions such as the following:
a) Halal Bi Halal is a moment when a group of people gather with the aim of forgiving each other during the holidays.
b) Tabuik is a celebration of the death of the Prophet's grandson. in the Karbala incident, namely Sayyid Hasan and Husein bin Ali bin Abi Talib.
c) Sekaten is a commemoration of the Prophet's birthday. which is held at the Surakarta Palace, Central Java and Yogyakarta every year. Usually in the Sekaten event there is a gamelan performance from Majapahit heritage.
d) Wednesday Kasan is a tradition of asking for protection from Allah SWT. Every last Wednesday of the month of Shofar. This tradition is held in Bangka Belitung.[3]
e) Tahlil and send prayers to people who have died. Tahlil in language is reading . While the term is a series of dhikr to commemorate the death of someone with the aim of sending prayers to people who have died. Tahlil in Indonesia has become a tradition of Muslims, because it contains many socio-cultural elements.
The tradition of tahlil began in ancient times, if someone died they entertained (stayed up) the family who was struck by a disaster for 7 days. Likewise when it has reached 40 days, 100 days and 1000 days of death. But after the arrival of Islam in the archipelago, especially in Java, this habit was changed by the guardians into a majlis of dhikr and prayer which we know as Tahlilan.[4]
3. Reasons for Thinking Tahlil is Bid'ah
Some groups say tahlil is bid'ah. Not without reason they say that. They assume that the Qur'an is for people who are still alive as described in Surah Yasin verses 69-70. They also take the argument from the Qur'an Surah An-Najm verses 38-39.
They also argue that doing simple things but with guidance is better than making up worship. As for the hadith used as a basis, namely: "Whoever does charity for which there is no guidance from us, it will be rejected." (HR. Muslim). Not only that, the hadith evidence used next is: "Do not set aside Friday night to perform worship that is not performed on other nights." (HR. Muslim).[5]
4. Proof of the Permissibility of Tahlil and Sending Prayers
The tradition of tahlil and sending prayers that spread in Indonesian society, especially the inhabitants of Java. This tradition was initiated by ancient scholars who spread Islam on the island of Java. The scholars combined the local wisdom of the community with Islamic law. Not without reason, there are arguments that show the permissibility of tahlil and sending prayers to people who have died.
a) Proof of dhikr together
: . : . : : . .
"From Abu Sa'id al-Khudri ra., Mu'awiyah said: Verily the Messenger of Allah -peace and prayer of Allah be upon him- once went out to the halaqah (association) of his companions, he asked: "Why are you sitting here?". They replied: "We sit down to dhikr to Allah and praise Him as Islam teaches us, and by the grace of Allah with Islam for us". The Prophet then asked: "By Allah, do you not sit down except for this?". They replied: "By Allah, we do not sit down except for this". The Prophet said: "Indeed I have no prejudice against you, but the angel Gabriel came to me and gave the news that Allah 'Azza wa Jalla boasts of your actions to the angels." (Hadith narrated: Ahmad)
b) The basis of the argument for sending prayers for the dead
: ) , , , , , , , , ,
"From the friend of Ma'qal bin Yasar r.a. that Rasulullah s.a.w. said: Surah Yasin is the subject of the Qur'an, not read by someone who hopes to please Allah unless his sins are forgiven. Read Yasin's letter to those who died among you." (H.R. Abu Dawud, etc.).
c) Imam Shafi'i said:
,
"It is sunnah to recite the Qur'an for the dead. When it reaches khatam, then it is better."
Imam Nawawi in the book Majmu 'also said that it is sunnah for people who visit the grave to read verses of the Qur'an and pray for those who have died. Imam Al-Qurtubi also shows the evidence for the arrival of our prayers on people who have died. Like the Prophet Muhammad. once split a date frond and placed it on the graves of two of his friends and said: "Hopefully this frond can lighten both of them as long as the frond is not dry." From there, Imam Al-Qurtubi expressed the opinion that date palm leaves can lighten the burden of grave experts. While the verses of the Qur'an and prayers that are said will be more beneficial for people who have died.[6]
C. CONCLUSION
There are many cultural traditions that the Indonesian people have. Not a few of Indonesian Muslims who still maintain religious traditions. However, there are some groups who doubt the teachings of religious traditions that develop in society. They consider that the tradition that has been running so far does not have a strong foundation and even sees it as an act of fabricating worship.
Groups who disagree with Indonesian Muslims who maintain traditions from generation to generation consider it an act of heresy. This is because the teachings were not carried out by the Prophet Muhammad. before and there are arguments that show that it is not permissible to carry out the tradition.
However, after doing research with library data collection methods that refer to the hadith and qoul ulama. There are arguments that show it is permissible to carry out Muslim traditions in Indonesia, one of which is tahlil and prayer.
As said by Abul Wahid Ibn Rushd:
"A person who reads a verse of the Qur'an and presents his reward to the corpse, then the reward can reach the corpse."
REFERENCES
Fitriarich.2019."Asal Usul Tahlilan di Pulau Jawa". https://www.viva.co.id/vstory/sejarah-vstory/1176230-asal-usul-tradisi-tahlilan-di-tanah-jawa . 27/11/2021,15:14.
2. Hakim. Arif Rahman.2020. "Tahlilan dan Yasinan itu bid'ah serta tidak ada
Dalilnya,benarkah?". https://pecihitam.org/yasinan-bidah/ .27/11/2021.16:33.
3. Nizarino.Fajar._. "Pengertian Tradisi".
https://www.kozio.com/term/tradisi/. 27/11/2021.00:48.
4. Maulidia.2020. "Tradisi Umat Islam di Indonesia",
https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2020/02/04/337/2162854/8-tradisi-religi-hanya-adadi indonesia?page=2 ,27/11/2021,14;59.
5. Setiawan.Ebta._. "Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia". https://kbbi.web.id/tradisi
.27/11/2021.00:38.
6. Yamin.Muhammad Ikram.2021. "Yasinan Bid'ah yang dianggap Sunnah"
https://muslim.or.id/266-yasinan-bidah-yang-dianggap-sunnah.html,
.27/11/2021,15:39.
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