Cheng and Liu (2022) explore transferable development rights in Ezhou, China, demonstrating how urban growth modeling techniques can be adapted to other rapidly urbanizing regions (Cheng & Liu, 2022). Similarly, Chiang et al. (2016) investigate HRM practices in multinational corporations (MNCs), identifying key factors that enhance the transferability of HR strategies across borders, particularly in globalized economic contexts (Chiang et al., 2016).
Scuotto et al. (2016) study IBM's smart city initiatives, illustrating the scalability of HR and technological integration practices to diverse urban settings (Scuotto et al., 2016). Meanwhile, Namazie (2007) examines the transferability of HR policies within Iranian joint ventures, providing a framework for adapting HRM systems in complex cultural and organizational environments (Namazie, 2007).
3.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
Focus On Jakarta's HR Development Within Urban Planning
Jakarta's human resource (HR) development is critical for its urban planning strategies, addressing challenges such as rapid urbanization, land use transformation, and economic competitiveness. Amir et al. (2024) explore collaborative urbanism in Jakarta, emphasizing the role of participatory governance and HR innovation in shaping inclusive urban policies (Amir et al., 2024).
Herlambang et al. (2019) analyze Jakarta's land transformation dynamics, revealing the impact of neoliberal policies on informal settlements and the need for HR-driven planning solutions to bridge gaps in spatial governance (Herlambang et al., 2019). Rahmawati (2015) highlights the deficiencies in Jakarta's spatial planning system, stressing the importance of HR capacity-building to address non-linear urban transformations (Rahmawati, 2015).
Winarso et al. (2015) examine peri-urban transformation, underscoring how HR policies must adapt to the complexities of land use changes and urban sprawl in Jakarta (Winarso et al., 2015). Simone (2013) presents a broader perspective on governance and HR adaptation in the face of urban uncertainties, advocating for innovative HR practices to navigate Jakarta's complex urban matrix (Simone, 2013).
Limitations Related To The Conceptual Nature Of The Paper
Conceptual research, while valuable for theoretical development and framework generation, has inherent limitations. Passey (2020) highlights that misconceptions in applying conceptual frameworks can limit the depth and scope of research outcomes, particularly when the frameworks are not grounded in empirical data (Passey, 2020). Alessandroni and Rodrguez (2020) further emphasize that while conceptual thinking can provide robust categorizations and theoretical insights, it often lacks practical applicability without complementary empirical validation (Alessandroni & Rodrguez, 2020).
Szabo et al. (2015) critique the methodological and conceptual gaps in research related to exercise addiction, demonstrating how over-reliance on conceptual frameworks can obscure empirical realities and create biases (Szabo et al., 2015). Similarly, Corradi et al. (2013) point out that abstract conceptual representations in chemical research, while useful for theoretical understanding, can impede concrete comprehension when not linked to practical experiments (Corradi et al., 2013).
The challenges of conceptual research also extend to psychoanalysis, as noted by Leuzinger-Bohleber (2006), who illustrates that diverse subtypes of conceptual studies often lack coherence, making cross-comparison and validation difficult (Leuzinger-Bohleber, 2006).
