What is Dyslexia?

Reading is one of the fundamental skills that every child must be able to be mastered. But, as a child, the developmental stage of their cognitive are usually got any distraction either from the inside factors or the outside factors such as the language delay. If their delay is not suitable with their own ages and the standard of the other children, it can be identified as the problem, maybe as the impairment, disorder, or disease.

Dyslexia is one of the types, the problem occurs on the brain and links within the brain. Dyslexia and the other types of disorder, parents should see this as a gift. So, let go on to what is dyslexia is?

Undergoing our understanding of the subject of this article, firstly we must go on set about the definition of dyslexia itself. How it becomes and what is the real concept of this term.

The history of dyslexia firstly was associated in more than centuries ago mentioning in 1872, when there is a patient who had lost an ability to read as a consequence of brain injury and followed by a number of researchers who published a bunch of paper describing the similar cases with the beginning. But, being a 'Dyslexia', it refers to Dr. W. Pringle Morgan in 1896 who portraying this term for reference until now on through the British Medical Journal. Initially, he exposes the cause of dyslexia is mainly by visual problem or vision problem, however by that by many of scholar who equivalent in exploring the case of dyslexia stated that, substantially the case of dyslexia is more than word blindness and vision problem. What occurs in the brain and link in with dyslexia is more necessary to be discovered.

The kind of brain disorders, according to (Selikowitz 2012) in order to deal with learning is being the specific difficulties which the condition is unexplained but whether it undergo with the average intelligence child or above intelligence. Those precise is characterized as the language delay. As dyslexia which in earlier research is described as the isolated reading difficulty in 1887, but for the specific are have their own terms, such as (Selikowitz 2012) who has divided the other terms of dyslexia from the Greek for instance: dysorthographia for specific spelling difficulties; dysgraphia for specific writing difficulty, and dyscalculia to refer the specific arithmetic difficulty.

By the terms of different specific difficulties, there is the main point of the concept essence of dyslexia, this term is to refer the people with dyslexia. The subject is centering on the verbal coding information to read an alphabetic script followed by Vellutino in 1979, (Snowling 2006). Despite, it went the part of language disorders, Vellutino et al., in 2004 (Snowling 2006) also update his review, which is the theory of dyslexia is more characterized by the phonological processing difficulties as the evidence fact where provide about the children with this disorder have certainly affected the phonological domain. So, that's why the concept of dyslexia is cannot be separated from the field of psycholinguistics.

On other hand, we also can not to unaware that the primary of dyslexia disorder comes from the causes, brain, a neurologist field. Seems like the group of International Dyslexia Association (IDA) by Lyon et al., in 2003 on the (Christo 2009), that follows:

"Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition ... . These difficulties typically result from the deficit phonological component where is often unexpected in relation with other cognitive abilities ... ."

This meant, it obviously represents the coherent link between dyslexia and the brain (neurobiological) of an individual, it similar to the definition of the National Institutes of Health's in 2007 and the Research Group on developmental Dyslexia of the World Federation of Neurology, are stated that dyslexia emphasizes the problem with word recognition and a disorder in which the children have a failure to achieve the language skills, those are linked with the brain, how people and particularly children do the recognition in the brain or as called as there are any cognitive disabilities in the brain.

References

Ardila, A. Aphasia Handbook. Florida, 2014.

Beaton, A. DYSLEXIA, READING AND THE BRAIN . New York: Psychology Press, 2005.

Breznitz, Z. DYSLEXIA, READING AND THE BRAIN . London: LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS , 2006.

Christo, C. Identifying, Assessing, and Treating Dyslexia at School. USA: Springer, 2009.

Fernandez, E. Fundamentals of Psycholinguistics. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 011.

Kamara, C. Neurolinguistic Approach to Reading: A Guide for Speech-Language Pathologists Treating Dyslexia. San Diego: Plural Publishing, 2015.

Kate Cain, Jane Oakhill. Children's comprehension problems in oral and written language : a cognitive perspective . New York: The Guilford Press , 2007.

Rief, S. The Dyslexia Checklist. USA: Jossey-Bass, 2010.

Selikowitz, M. Dyslexia and other learning difficulties. 3rd. Oxford University Press, 2012.

Snowling, M. Dyslexia, Speech and Language A Practitioner's Handbook. Sussex: Whurr Publisher Limited, 2006.