Bau Mesiu H Abdul Manan dan Perang Kamang 1908

2. Riots in Koto Baru

On June 18, 1908, a member of the Agam controller troops came to Koto Baru, Baso area, Agam, which borders directly with Kamang. Here he met the chief to convey the prohibition of the Koto Baru people from making ruduih, swords, kalewang and other weapons. Koto Baru is a village known as a blacksmith area. The people there have a livelihood as blacksmiths who are skilled at making various types of weapons and iron equipment even until now. 30

The order received by the chief at that time was immediately challenged by the Koto Baru community. Even the chief who was considered pro-Dutch and the family who defended him were attacked by the community. However, he managed to escape and report the incident to Controller Dahler at Fort de Kock. However, finally after returning from giving the report, the chief was known to have died. 31

Tuesday 23 June 1908 Dutch soldiers moved to patrol Kamang by passing through the area Koto Baru. Upon arrival at Pakan Ahad, a group of people attacked the patrol. The Dutch returned fire and managed to injure Tuanku Merapi and three of his friends. This incident actually raised the spirits of the fighters in Pakan Ahad. They wore white clothes, continued to pray and attacked the patrol troops. Then a victim was found among the community, namely Tuanku Kari who was shot dead. The Dutch patrol that was attacked then fled and returned to Bukittinggi. The next day the Dutch patrol returned to Koto Baru to arrest the rioters. They were arrested and taken to Fort de Kock 32

Rioters who fought against the Dutch after the Kamang War were also in Baso. Some of them were captured in the Simarasok area. When they were about to be taken by train at Baso station, in a shackled state they fought and attacked the Dutch soldiers. The Dutch troops then shot them while their hands were handcuffed. They were all shot dead. 33 After the incident, a ban was issued on making and selling sharp weapons. All blacksmiths' workshops were tightly guarded.

3. Riots in Other Areas

Among the other riots that occurred after the Kamang War was in Manggopoh. This area is close toLubuk Basung. The fighters under the command of Siti Manggopoh fought back by attacking the Dutch soldiers who were sleeping in their tents. There were many casualties on the Dutch side.

Resistance also emerged in Padang Panjang. The fighters killed the pro-Dutch chief of Bungo Tanjung. The people of Batu Taba, Malalo, Sumpur, Bungo Tanjung, Tanjung Barulak also rioted. Their courage was inspired by the Kamang incident. Even Tuanku Laras Malalo was arrested because he was considered to be siding with the rioters and was taken to Padang Panjang. 35

The Pandai Sikek people who had had relations with Ulakan, Pariaman also fought against the Dutch. Similar things also appeared around the Singkarak, Palembayan, Lubuk Alung and Buo areas. Even in the Buo area a Controller named I Bastian was attacked and killed by fighters. In the Alahan Panjang area, the opponents of the Dutch also fought back and tried to capture the barrel of Alahan Panjang. 36

L.C. Westenenk received news that on July 2, 1908, in the hamlet of Anak Air, Oud Agam region. There had been an ambush on people who were studying martial arts and invulnerability in a prayer room at night. As many as 15 residents became victims and 4 people were injured. There were even victims from the Dutch army Thus the broad impact of the belasting rule where the Minangkabau people finally put up resistance after the Kamang War of 1908. This makes it clear to us that there had been a resistance network formed before the war in various regions of the Minangkabau land. They were tied in a strong emotional and religious bond. 38 They were inspired by the Kamang War which had bravely opposed and fought the colonial nation.

4. Forgiveness Feast in Kamang.

Several days after the Kamang War of 1908. Several laras and nagari heads came to the office of Controller L.C. Westenenk in Fort de Kock. In the meeting, the discussion began by saluting the Controller, then the guests sat on the floor. Then an apology was discussed on behalf of the Kamang community for the acts of resistance that had occurred. They invited the controller to come to a peace party. The nagari heads hoped that peace would return and the Dutch could see the sincerity of the people. Westenenk stated that he accepted the invitation with pleasure and would come to fulfill the request to come to Kamang. In the series of meetings, the naga heads handing over carano or also called boko.39 The antique and beautiful boko is made of copper as a sign of submission. Inside it is filled with betel, areca nut and money. 40 The agreed day has arrived, Controller L.C Westenenk came to Kamang and was greeted enthusiastically by the community. The place of the party at that time was in an open field which was a dry rice field after the harvest in Johor district which in the local name is called Joho. The event at that time was the presentation of an apology on behalf of the community and continued with a banquet. In that field were present the men and women who participated in the feast. Skilled wrestlers perform shows, songs, drums and lamentations are hummed. After that the chiefs came to apologize to the government for the previous incident.

Controller L.C. Westenenk got his turn to speak. He said: "Gentlemen with humility have apologized, holding a banquet as a fine where each nagari in harmony provides a buffalo and 100 measures of rice." L.C. Westenenk also stated that he accepted the apology. This was considered an apology from the son to return to his father. The request was certainly impossible to refuse, said L.C. Westenenk. He reminded that this must be done honestly. If not, of course the father would be very angry 42.

The end of the Belasting tragedy was the beginning of a change in the cultural orientation and nature of the Indonesian struggle, especially in Minangkabau. Step by step, the progress of the struggle was made in a more peaceful way. In the 1920s, La Febre said that half of the STOVIA students in Batavia were children at minangkabau.

5. This proves that the educational path

has been chosen by the Minangkabau people to move towards progress and independence efforts. More and more Minangkabau youths are delving into the world of education because they are increasingly convinced that this is the path that will be needed in the effort to reach the realm of freedom.

After 1908 the kelarasan system was abolished by the Dutch colonial government and they replaced it with the Onderdistrik Administrative System headed by an Assistant Demang. This Onderdistrik Administrative System aimed to eliminate the influence of the Kamang incident and so that the Kamang War would not be imitated by other nagari. Around 1916 there was a change in the names of the nagari in the Kamang Kelarasan, namely the name of Nagari Bukik changed its name to Surau Koto Samiak, Nagari Kamang was replaced with Aua Parumahan. While Suayan and Sungai Balantiak are still allowed to use the same names even until now.

Koto Samiak Mosque and Aua Parumahan Village underwent another name change in 1949. Koto Samiak Mosque changed its name to Kamang Mudiak and Aua Parumahan used the name Kamang Hilia since the period of war to defend independence. Among the figures of the time involved in this naming process, among others Saidi St. Lembang Alam, Ak. Datuak Gunung Hijau, Patih A, Muin Datuak Rangkayo Maradjo, in ameeting in Anak Air Dalam Koto Kamang. They agreed to use the name Kamang into the existing nagari name.

Bau Mesiu H Abdul Manan dan Perang Kamang 1908 Terjemahan dalam Bahasa Inggris