The Thought of Muhammad AbduhÂ
  Muhammad Abduh was born in 1266 H or 1894 AD in a district called Sibsyir, the city of Mahallah Nasr, Bakhirhah province, Egypt. His father, Abduh Hasan Khairallah, was a Turkish who had lived in Egypt for a long time. While his mother is said to be of Arab descent whose nasab line is associated with the Umar bin Khattab ra.
  In the age of 12 'Abduh had memorized the Qur'an. Then, at the age of 13 he was taken to Tanta to study at the Ahmadi Mosque for 2 years. However 'Abduh felt he did not understand anything. About this experience 'Abduh recounted:" One and a half years I studied in Sheikh Ahmad's mosque without understanding anything. This is because the method is wrong.
  When Abduh was 16 years old, precisely in 1865, Abduh was married and worked as a farmer. But that only lasted for 40 days. Because he had to go to Tanta to study again. 1866 'Abduh left his wife and family to Cairo to study at Al-Azhar. His hopes were not fulfilled. He came out because the ongoing learning process highlighted knowledge and memorization without thinking, like his experience at Tanta. This is also the background 'Abduh wanted to hold reforms in the field of education.
Muhammad Renew's ideas Muhammad Abduh :
  Regarding renewal ideas, scholars differ in classifying. These ideas by H.A.R. Gibb, summarized in four main activities, namely :
1. Cleansing Islam from heresy
2. Renewal of al-Azhar's education
3. The reformulation of true Islamic teachings with modern thought.
4. The defense of Islam against European influences and Christian attacks.
Among some of Muhammad Abduh's works include:
