The development of technology in education has brought about major changes in learning methods. From the use of online learning platforms to artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications, technology is increasingly taking a significant role in the teaching-learning process. In the midst of this transformation, a question arises that is increasingly discussed: Will the role of teachers be replaced by technology in the digital era?  While technology offers convenience and greater access to information, the role of the teacher as a teacher, guide and mentor is still very much needed for effective learning. This article will discuss how the role of teachers is not necessarily replaced by technology, but rather transformed into an integral part of education in the digital era.
Technology Supports, Not Replaces the Role of Teachers
In the digital era, technology plays an important role in improving the efficiency and accessibility of education. Various online learning platforms such as Google Classroom, Khan Academy, and Coursera offer convenience in accessing learning materials anytime and anywhere. However, even though technology is able to provide information more quickly, the role of teachers as educators remains irreplaceable. Teachers are not only the deliverers of material, but also the main drivers in shaping students' character, motivation, and critical thinking skills.
The OECD report in Teaching in Focus (2020) suggests that educational technology can improve learning effectiveness if it is well integrated by teachers. However, the report also emphasizes that teachers play an important role in guiding students to utilize technology effectively. Furthermore, a study from UNESCO (2021) asserts that while technology helps in delivering material, only teachers can teach skills such as problem-solving and critical decision-making, which require human interaction.
A clear example was seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, when distance learning became an urgent need. Data from the World Bank (2021) revealed that many students experienced a decline in academic performance due to a lack of direct interaction with teachers. In this context, the role of teachers as mentors who provide emotional support and active engagement is crucial. Teachers ensure that students not only learn passively, but also understand and apply knowledge critically.
Technology is shifting the way teachers teach, not their role
Digital technology has changed the way teachers deliver materials. Previously, teachers served as the main source of information in the learning process, but with technological advancements, the role has shifted to learning facilitator. Digital tools such as online learning platforms, educational apps and interactive software allow students to learn independently, but teachers still play an important role in guiding students to use technology effectively and productively.
A report from the Brookings Institution (2021) shows that 75% of teachers worldwide agree that technology has enriched their teaching methods by providing more variety and depth to learning materials. However, they also emphasized that teacher involvement in guiding and assisting students remains crucial. Teachers are now focusing more on developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills rather than just delivering information.
A study from the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) in 2020 also revealed that technology helps improve collaboration between students and teachers, but still requires teacher guidance to maintain meaningful interactions. Technologies such as Google Classroom or Zoom allow students to easily access course materials, but teachers are still needed to direct discussions and ensure that students do not simply rely on information without critical analysis.
During the pandemic, technology has indeed become the main tool to continue the education process. However, data from UNESCO (2021) shows that the effectiveness of digital learning is highly dependent on teachers' involvement in facilitating students' learning experiences. Thus, although the way of teaching is changing, the role of the teacher as the director of learning remains at the core of quality education.
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