Written Language and The Writing System (Book Summary of M.A.K Halliday "Spoken and Written Language")

Writing System

Writing and drawing are both forms of communication. Writing represents visuals in written form and contains language, whereas drawing only represents symbols as a means of communication. Writing is formed by two semiotic systems that interact with one another. When an image is interpreted as language, writing begins. Characters are represented by pictures, and these characters are described in words.

Alphabets are similar to syllables in that their symbols represent sounds rather than words, but they represent small units of sound called phonemes rather than syllables. In theory, one letter represents one phoneme, as was the case with the ancient Greek alphabet.

Meaning, word, and sound or speech is the three main components of language. At the moment, sound is transformed into expressions, both expressions and forms of sound, speech, or writing. Writing can be read aloud, whereas images can only be commented on but not read.

The semantic writing system will be impossibility as a general phenomenon. Language semantic systems are so complex, with so many dimensions of meaning involved, that they cannot all detract from writing; similarly, they cannot be expressed in a protolanguage.

Written Language

Prosodic and paralinguistic features are characteristics of spoken language. A prosodic feature, like other resources in grammar, is part of a linguistic system that is systematic in meaning, and what distinguishes it from other sources (such as suffixes) contained in speech, such as intonation. Paralinguistic features vary as well, but they are not systematic - they are not part of grammar, but rather variations in which the speaker speaks using imported signals from what he is saying.

The symbol also serves as a marker in the second function. It is not enough to show that a sentence has been completed; it is also necessary to demonstrate its function. There are two rules for selecting punctuation: punctuation according to grammar and punctuation according to phonology. Most will not make a difference: as long as the clause corresponds to the tone group, the two will be identical. Despite their differences, two possibilities will emerge.

Writing evolved to meet new needs as a result of cultural change. Certain events that led to the development of writing are complex events in which human groups' transition from one way of life to a more permanent way of life.

Language is always changing, and these changes are of two types: social and functional. Dialects are various variations of speech that come from or have chosen to move to an area, social class,