Muhammad Abduh
Muhammad Abduh was born in 1848 AD / 1265 H. in the village of Gharbiyyah Province in Lower Egypt. His father's name was Muhammad Abduh ibn Hasan Khairullah. Abduh was born in a family of farmers who lived a simple, obedient love of science. His parents came from the city of Mahallaj Nashr. His father was not a wealthy nobleman but was quite dignified and respectable.
His mother is of Arab descent, his lineage reaches to Umar ibn Khathab. Muhammad Abduh not only has a modern educational mindset, but also has thoughts in the fields of politics, nationality, social society, theology and philosophy. Abduh argues that state renewal can be achieved through renewal of the people. Abduh did not want the path of revolution but through the path of evolution. Therefore he did not want a confrontational attitude towards the invaders in order to improve the people from within.
Muhammad Iqbal
Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938 AD) was born in Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan (now), November 9, 1877 AD, to a religious family. His father, Muhammad Nur was a Sufi figure, while his mother, Imam Bibi, was also known as a devout Muslim. His formal education began at the Scottish Mission School, in Sialkot, under the guidance of Mir Hasan, a teacher who was an expert in Arabic and Persian literature.
Then at Government College, in Lahore, to get a BA glass, in 1897, and earned a Master's degree in philosophy, in 1899, under the guidance of Sir Thomas Arnold, a famous orientalist. In philosophical thought, Iqbal announced the mission of the power and power of God, besides He also stated that the center and foundation of the organization of human life is the ego which is interpreted as the entire scope of thought and awareness about life.
He always moves dynamically to perfection by drawing closer to the absolute ego, God. Therefore, human life in its ego is a continuous struggle to conquer obstacles and obstacles for the attainment of the Supreme Ego.
