State Institutions

State institutions are the main pillars in a country's government system which are responsible for carrying out government functions. In Indonesia, the main state institutions include the executive, legislative and judiciary. The executive institution, led by the president and his cabinet, is tasked with implementing government policies and administration in accordance with the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). 

The People's Representative Council (DPR) as a legislative institution has the authority to make laws, supervise the government, and represent the interests of the people. Meanwhile, the judiciary, represented by the Supreme Court (MA) and the Constitutional Court (MK), is tasked with adjudicating cases and ensuring compliance with the law and the constitution.

1. Executive Agency:

• Name of Institution: President.
• Duties: Responsible for implementing government policies and administration.
• Authority:
• Establish policies in the fields of government and development.
• Make government regulations (Perpres) to implement the law.
• Maintain control over government officials.
• Legal Basis: Articles 4 to Article 12 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945).

2. Legislative Institution:

• Name of Institution: People's Representative Council (DPR).
• Duties: Make laws, oversee the running of the government, and represent the interests of the people.
• Authority:
• Establish laws together with the President.
• Supervise the performance of the government and other state institutions.
• Discuss and approve the state budget.
• Legal Basis: Articles 20 to Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution.

3. Judicial Institution:

• Name of Institution: Supreme Court (MA) and Constitutional Court (MK).
• Task:
• Supreme Court: Exercises judicial power and adjudicates cases of a general nature.
• MK: Adjudicating disputes regarding the authority of state institutions and judicial review of the Constitution.
• Authority:
• Supreme Court: Examines and decides criminal, civil and state administrative cases.
• MK: Examining laws deemed to be contrary to the Constitution.
• Legal basis:
• Supreme Court: Articles 24 to 32 of the 1945 Constitution.
• MK: Article 24C of the 1945 Constitution.