Abstract
Cyberbullying is a major challenge in the digital era where individuals from various groups can be targeted. This incident often causes psychological damage and makes someone an anxious person. Basically, cyberbullying is very dangerous for everyone involved. This is worrying because not only adults are involved, but teenagers and even children can also be involved in it. This article explains the background, psychological impacts, aspects, practical strategies, in the Qur'an, communication ethics, and several examples of cyberbullying cases. The focus is on technological advances and mental health. This article is expected to provide information about cyberbullying and increase readers' insight into cyberbullying that often occurs today.
Keywords: Cyberbullying, Mental Health, Technology
Introduction
In today's digital era, the existence of the Internet has brought various conveniences to human life, but it also brings new challenges such as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying refers to aggressive or demeaning behavior perpetrated by someone through digital platforms such as social media, text messaging, and other onligkne applications with the aim to harm or exploit the victim. Unlike typical bullying, cyberbullying can happen anytime, anywhere, and is often anonymous, making it difficult for victims to avoid or report the perpetrators. This phenomenon has a serious impact on the mental and emotional health of its victims, especially adolescents and children.
Basically, a person has different mental resilience, so for people who have mental resilience that is not strong, they will be more easily attacked by the cyberbullying they get. In contrast to people who have stronger mental resilience, of course they may tend to be ignorant and some even make this input for them to become a better person. This can be reinforced if the person has a broken home background, so they have a higher vulnerability to the negative effects of cyberbullying. As found in the journal entitled "Cyberbullying on the Mental Health of Adolescent Girls with Broken Home Backgrounds" by Hendra Yohanes, Fitriani Fitriani, Sayyidah Khalillah.
This article discusses cyberbullying, which is rampant along with the development of information and communication technology. This should be prevented or addressed to prevent more people from becoming victims. Therefore, to create a safe digital space for all users, it is important to understand the causes, impacts, and steps that can be taken to address and prevent cyberbullying. Research related to cyberbullying and to this article are as follows. The first is entitled "Factors of Cyberbullying in Adolescents" by Novita Maulidya Jalal, Miftah Idris, Muliana. The second is entitled "Teenagers, Social Media and Cyberbullying" by El Chris Natalia. The third is entitled "Teenage Cyberbullying Behavior on Social Media" by Rahmiwati Marsinun, Dody Riswanto. The fourth is entitled "Cyberbullying among Teenagers" by Yana Choria Utami. And the last one is entitled "Cyberbullying as a Negative Impact of Information Technology Use" by Flourensia Sapty Rahayu.
 Discussion
The discussion will consist of literature review, definition, kinds of the issue (if you find it) advantages and disadvantages of the issue, etc. this part also show your arguments whether in the negative or positive way, the author have to give supporting idea from another scholars with article or journal that relate to the topic.
In this term, the author provides the description of the issue with elaborating the experience or phenomenon that happened around relate to the topic taken and it can be given in supporting fact with citation. The text will be created in argumentative essay
1. Definition of Cyberbullying
The definition of cyberbullying is an act of intimidation committed using electronic media or devices. Bullying on social media is an intentional act committed by the perpetrator with the intent to cause harm to the victim. These actions are usually carried out repeatedly or consistently. Cyberbullying is a form of bullying that is prone to occur in adolescents. This form of bullying is easier to carry out than conventional violence, as the perpetrator does not need to meet the victim in person. Cyberbullying always involves an unbalanced relationship, where there is an imbalance of power between the perpetrator and the victim (Hellsten, 2017). According to Hidajat et al. (2015), cyberbullying is an act committed by a person or group against another individual through text messages, pictures/photos, or videos that tend to demean and harass.
2. Psychological Impact of Cyberbullying
1. Victims become more vulnerable to online violence, which can lead to serious
psychological impacts such as depression, anxiety, stress, feelings of
hopelessness, and even suicidal thoughts.
2. Bullying can damage a victim's self-confidence. Repeated verbal attacks can
make victims feel worthless and doubt themselves (feel insecure).
3. The victim feels isolated from the social environment due to fear or
embarrassment to interact with others. This can lead to behavioral changes and
withdrawal from their social life.
4. Academically, the victim may experience a decline in achievement. Emotional
and mental disturbances can interfere with concentration and learning ability.
5. The more intensive the cyberbully's response, the more sensitive the victim's reaction will be. They will feel unsafe online, become paranoid, worry about
further attacks, and have difficulty building positive relationships online.
6. The trauma and adverse experiences experienced by victims of bullying can
impact their mental health and social life in the future.
3. Aspects of Cyberbullying
According to Willard (Imanti, Triyono, 2018) the aspects of cyberbullying
consist of seven points, namely:
1. Flaming: Behavior that involves sending text messages with harsh and frontal
words. This action is usually carried out in group conversations on social media, such as sending pictures that are intended to insult someone.
2. Harassment: The behavior of sending disrespectful and annoying messages to someone, which is done continuously through email, WhatsApp (WA), or text messages on social networks. Harassment is a long-term continuation of flaming, which can include exchanging messages or text wars.
3. Denigration: Behavior that shows or expresses bad things about someone on the internet, with the aim of damaging that person's reputation or good name. An example would be sending a picture of someone that has been modified to look more sensual, with the aim of embarrassing and defaming the victim.
4. Impersonation: The behavior of pretending to be someone else and then sending messages that are unkind or harmful to the person whose identity is being impersonated.
5. Outing and Trickery: Outing is the behavior of sharing others' secrets or private photos without permission. Trickery is the behavior of persuading someone with deception to obtain personal information (such as photos or other personal data).
6. Exclusion: The behavior of deliberately excluding someone from a particular online group, which can make the victim feel isolated and ignored.
7. Cyberstalking: Repeated harmful threats or intimidation through electronic communication, which can cause fear or anxiety in the victim.
4. Cyberbullying Prevention Strategies
Preventive measures that need to be taken to reduce or reduce adolescent
bullying behavior on social media include preventive measures, providing special education, and knowledge counseling with an epidemiological approach. Based on the results of research on cyberbullying in Croatia, the first step to take before implementing preventive interventions is to carry out epidemiological-based learning. By conducting epidemiological studies on bullying or cyberbullying at the primary and secondary school levels, they can collect valid and tested data, which can then be used to determine the prevalence of cyberbullying in the country. This will support the implementation of effective prevention programs, with the aim of reducing the prevalence of cyberbullying among students (Capurso et al., 2017).
5. Cyberbullying in Islamic View
Explicitly, the term cyberbullying and its forms are not found in the
Qur'an. However, this does not mean that the topic is not discussed in the Qur'an. If it is related to morals, which are divided into two categories, namely al-akhlaq al-hasanah (good morals) and al-akhlaq al-su' (bad morals) (Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali, BidayatulHidayah, Jeddah: Dar Al-Minhaj, 2004; Studia QuranikaJournal), this cyberbullying phenomenon can be included in the second category, namely bad morals or bad ethics. This can be understood from the actions of the perpetrators of cyberbullying which involve bad words, swearing, insulting, bullying, spreading false news, and backbiting. Thus, the equation can be drawn that the perpetrators of cyberbullying commit at least one of two actions that are prohibited by religion, namely:
First, commenting negatively by swearing, denouncing, insulting, and speaking harshly. In this case, it is found in surah Al-Humazah (104): 1:
".Calamity to every swearer and detractor" Â
This verse was revealed in relation to two events: first, the Banu Tamim who mocked the poor companions of the Prophet Muhammad, such as Bilal bin Rabah,
Ammar bin Yasir, and others. Second, the mockery directed at the Prophet's wife, Shafiyah bintu Huyay, with racist remarks because of her descent. Prophet Muhammad consoled her by saying: "Don't you say that my father is Aaron a.s., my uncle is Moses a.s., and my husband is Muhammad SAW?" (Ahmad Musthafa Al-Maraghi, Tafsir Al-Maraghi).This kind of action, if not immediately repent, is classified as an act of oppression.
Secondly, ostracizing others, insulting, intimidating, hate speech, bullying, body shaming, and calling bad and hurtful names. This is reflected in surah Al-Hujurat :11 :)49(
      Â
"O you who believe, let not one people make fun of another people (for) it may be that they (the made fun of) are better than they (the made fun of). Nor should women make fun of other women (for) it is possible that the women who are made fun of are better than the women who make fun. Do not reproach yourselves, and do not call yourselves by bad names. The worst of calls is that which comes after faith, and whoever does not repent, then they are the wrongdoers."
This verse was revealed in relation to two events: first, the Banu Tamim who mocked the poor companions of the Prophet Muhammad, such as Bilal bin Rabah, Ammar bin Yasir, and others. Second, the mockery directed at the Prophet's wife, Shafiyah bintu Huyay, with racist remarks because of her descent. Prophet Muhammad consoled her by saying: "Don't you say that my father is Aaron a.s., my uncle is Moses a.s., and my husband is Muhammad SAW?" (Ahmad Musthafa Al-Maraghi, Tafsir Al-Maraghi).
The two categories of behavior above can be related to the actions that occur in the practice of cyberbullying, which damages morals and ethics in social interactions, both in person and in cyberspace.
6. Social Media Communication Ethics
In cyberspace, we need to adhere to communication etiquette known as
netiquette. Craig (2005) refers to the Core Rules of Netiquette developed by Virginia Shea in 1994, which consists of ten important rules for interacting online. The following is an explanation of each of these rules:
1. Remember the human
Remember that in the online world, we are interacting with humans, not just images, videos, or texts. Every piece of content was created by a person, and that shows that there is a human behind every interaction that needs to be respected.
2. Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life.
The ethics that apply in the real world should still apply when interacting online. Speaking or acting in a way that annoys, threatens, or frightens others is not justified, as laws and norms apply online as well.
3. Know where you are in cyber-space
Pay attention to the context of online communication. Sending a private email to a friend is obviously different from leaving a comment on a web page that can
 be seen by many people. Understanding this context is important so that we can
interact wisely according to the situation.
4. Respect other people's time and bandwidth
Avoid sending large messages or content that is irrelevant or just serves as spam. For example, unnecessary advertisements or annoying jokes, which can waste other people's time.
5. Make yourself look good online
Make sure to always provide correct and relevant information. Don't make posts or comments that make you look out of touch with the topic at hand, and avoid spreading false information.
6. Share expert knowledge
Share knowledge with others, especially those who are new to the online world. Don't insult or bully those who are just learning. Instead, help them to understand patiently without feeling superior.
7. Help keep flame wars under control
If there is a heated debate or "flame war" in a discussion forum, try to defuse the tension. Avoid adding fuel to the fire with nasty comments. Instead, try to offer solutions or understanding that can calm the atmosphere.
8. Respect other people's privacy
Respecting other people's privacy online is very important. Avoid actions such as hacking or hijacking other people's accounts just for personal enjoyment, as it interferes with other people's personal rights.
9. Don't abuse your power
Don't abuse the power or influence you have online. Internet users can easily create and spread content, but it must be done responsibly and not for the purpose of harming others, such as in the case of cyberbullying or other cybercrimes.
10. Be forgiving of other people's mistakes
The internet is a place where many new people learn to interact. If you see mistakes or errors from other users, try to be more patient and provide constructive feedback rather than criticizing or shaming them. Being forgiving helps create a more positive online environment.
By following these principles of netiquette, we can keep online interactions healthy and ethical, avoid negative behaviors like cyberbullying, and create a safe space for all users.
7. Case Study/True Story
Real-life cases of cyberbullying that have occurred in various parts of the world
show how serious the impact of online bullying is on victims, both emotionally and psychologically. Here are some examples that illustrate the impact and perpetrators of cyberbullying:
1. Case in Michigan, United States
