Challenges and Solutions of Teaching Maritime English

English has become the universal language that dominates various sectors, including the maritime industry. As one of the most vital global industries, maritime activities connect countries with diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. In this context, the use of English as an international communication tool plays a significant role in ensuring smooth and safe operations. Maritime English is a crucial element in the international shipping industry. As the official language of communication used in maritime operations, English is essential to ensure safety, efficiency, and smooth operations at sea. However, teaching Maritime English presents its own set of challenges that must be addressed with appropriate and data-driven approaches.  
 
The Importance of Maritime English Education

The maritime industry plays a vital role in global trade, transporting approximately 90% of the world’s goods. With over 1.6 million seafarers from various countries, language barriers pose a significant challenge in communication. According to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), around 80% of maritime accidents are attributed to human error, including communication failures. This underscores the importance of effective Maritime English training, which impacts not only operational efficiency but also safety at sea.  To address communication challenges, the IMO developed the Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) as a guide for standardized communication. However, implementing SMCP in the field still faces obstacles, especially due to inadequate training in many developing countries.  
 
Challenges in Teaching Maritime English  
First is Diverse Language Proficiency Seafarers come from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds, leading to varying levels of English proficiency. While some seafarers may possess basic skills, others might be more advanced. Second is Lack of Contextual Materials Maritime English teaching materials are often disconnected from real-life scenarios encountered by seafarers. For instance, communication with port authorities, reporting weather conditions, or handling emergencies require practical examples rarely included in traditional learning resources. and the third is Limited Access to Technology as we know digital technology has advanced significantly, not all maritime training institutions have access to modern tools. Many developing countries still rely on traditional teaching methods, which are less effective and fail to engage learners.  
 
Solutions for Improving Maritime English Teaching
 
First is Utilizing Digital Technology as we know Digital tools offer significant solutions to overcome challenges in Maritime English education. E-learning platforms, online learning applications, and computer-based simulations provide flexible and interactive training opportunities. For example, the Marlins English Language Test for Seafarers is designed to assess seafarers' communication skills specifically. This test provides accurate evaluations of how well they understand and use English in maritime contexts. Additionally, virtual reality (VR) technology can simulate real-life maritime situations, allowing seafarers to practice using SMCP in virtual environments, such as giving navigation commands or managing emergency situations.  Second is Developing Contextual Learning Materials, Teaching materials should be tailored to meet the actual needs of seafarers. For instance, learning modules can include exercises on ship-to-ship communication, weather reporting, or handling official documentation. Contextual materials make it easier for learners to understand and apply English in their work. And the last is Competency-Based Approaches as we know Maritime English education should focus on specific competencies required in the field. This includes task-based learning, where learners are trained to perform particular tasks, such as giving navigation orders or reporting equipment damage, using appropriate English phrases. 

Positive Impact of Effective Maritime English Education  

High-quality education in Maritime English benefits both individuals and the maritime industry as a whole. Seafarers with strong English skills are more confident in their communication, reducing the risk of errors and increasing operational efficiency.