The Role of Psyhcolinguistics in Analyzing a Language Acquisition, Comprehension, and Production

a. Psycholinguistics and listening 

Learning about listening is a skill that requires high-quality hearing. This is based on the existence of difficulties in the intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic difficulties can be identified in the speed of sound, lack of vocabulary, and topic of choice. At the same time, the difficulties in extrinsic learning are weak motivation, interest, learning objectives, and an environment that is not conducive to learning. 

Psycholinguistics offers a learning model that teachers can use to overcome these problems. The methods offered by psycholinguistics are preparing texts that are suitable for students, choosing a learning atmosphere, and choosing the type of speed of sound that can be easier to understand. Last but not least, teachers can create comfortable classes in order to embrace students and increase students' motivation to learn. 

b. Psycholinguistics and reading 

In general, learning about reading will refer to the text. In developing this learning, the psycholinguistic approach will use a bottom-up approach. Bottom-up is a case where someone will understand the language according to the meaning and grammatical characteristics used to understand the language or text comprehensively. 

This approach evaluates the selection of texts that should follow students' abilities.  Therefore, psycholinguistics provides a solution for students who have difficulty improving their reading skills. The teacher must consider several stages: a) the provision of authentic reading, b) the text according to the student's abilities, and c) the selected text has a relationship with the social world. 

c. Psycholinguistics and writing 

Errors in writing often occur. Usually, the difficulty in this problem comes from the spelling of the word and the structure of the sentence. Psycholinguistics can help to overcome this problem. Psycholinguistics offers to find topics that match the student's interest in writing. Teachers can allow students to express themselves with their writing.  This method helps reduce the difficulties that are often encountered. 

d. Psycholinguistics and speaking 

Speaking is a language skill that is sometimes beyond the student's expectations. This problem is often encountered when someone learns to acquire a second language. When a  person can read, write and listen to several sentences in their second language, they often have difficulty speaking. In this case, the psycholinguistics approach takes its position as a controller in teaching speaking. Psycholinguistics explains that this problem occurs because of: a) personality (introvert and extrovert), b) speech defects, c) voice disorders,  and d) one's psychology. 

In addition, other disorders can hinder a person from improving their speaking skills,  such as trauma consisting of aphasia and autism. Problems in language can be fixed,  provided that they are handled appropriately. Psycholinguistics can provide a method of handling, especially for people with aphasia. With knowledge from psycholinguistics, the teacher or healer can use the proper techniques to deal with speaking skills problems.