a. Regarding the types of fillers:
      I categorized those fillers according to the theories from Rose (1998), Baalen (2001), and Stenstrm (1994).
Silent Pauses
Silent pauses were marked with unit (.) or double unit (--) or treble unit (---) based on the length of the silence at the point where pauses occurred. Due to no further explanation from the sources in terms of the length of unit, double unit, and treble unit in the conversation, I decided to set it by myself. Unit takes 3.2 until 16 seconds, double unit takes 17 until 38 seconds, and treble unit takes more than 39 seconds moment of silence. By using this standard, I classified the silences into these three classifications.
Filled Pauses
   Filled pauses are filled with some vocalizations. Filled pauses are divided into two types, which is unlexicalized filled pauses and lexicalized filled pauses. These filled pauses were italicized and bolded as the mark.
a. Regarding the functions of fillers:
      I categorized the functions of those fillers according to the theories from Rose (1998), Stenstrm (1994), Baalen (2001), and Wu (2001).
Filling the Pause
The function is to fill the pause because the speaker needs time to breaks off the speech while continuing to articulate (as cited in Stenstrm, 1994, p.7).
Hesitating
