      This yeah in D's utterance above is the example of filler that functions to interrupt. C was talking about the disturbing impact of Petra Square Apartment construction, but then suddenly D used yeah to change the topic, which is about the preference to live in the apartment or in the boarding house. By using fillers, D interrupted C to build a new topic.
Holding a Conversation Turn Â
E: Â Because ee, I haven't experience living in ee boarding house. Ya, I I never get used to.
      This ya in the utterance above is the example of filler that functions to hold a conversation turn. Reading the utterances above, it is supposed that E finished her/his turn after the word 'boarding house'. However, before the listener started to speak, E continues her/his sentence by using filler ya. E did not want to give up her/his turn.
Empathizing
F: Â So, but, you know, it's it's a big noisy and you know it's make traffic jam, so are you okay with that?
      These you know in the utterance above are the examples of fillers that function to empathize. F was asking her/his listener's opinion about the negative impact of Petra Square Apartment construction work, so F used this you know to help her/him to check whether the listener pays attention to her/him or not and invite the listener to get involved in what F says.
Mitigating
G: ...I would go to my boarding house, my lovely boarding house.
H: Â Okay then. Ee it seems that I have to go to my class.
      This ee in the H's utterance is the example of filler that functions to mitigate. G was talking about her/his lovely boarding house, but H wanted to end the conversation since she had to go to class, so instead of directly saying 'Okay then. I have to go to my class.', H used ee as filler to help her/him to soften or mitigate utterances in order not to hurt G's feeling. However, because the greeting and the farewell parts of the conversation were not be identified, this mitigating devices did not appear at all.
