Clark (1977, p.561) states that filled pause is a hesitation in spontaneous speech partly or wholly taken up by a speech sound like ah, err, uh, and so forth. Similarly, Brown and Yule (1983, p.129) state that filled pauses are pauses usually appear in the form of sounds or words and in some places of the sentence. In addition, Carter, Goddard, Reah, Sanger, and Bowring (1997, p.201) mention that filled pauses are the gap between words and forward planning and thinking about what the speakers have to say next. Moreover, Foss and Hakes (1978, p.179) also give another definition about filled pauses which is the pauses which may happen because of the complexity of the speaker's sentence. Besides, Wu (2001, p.4) also states that filled pauses actually are any utterances which do not flow within the context of the conversation. In addition, Rose (1998, p.7) categorizes filled pauses into two types, that is unlexicalized filled pauses and lexicalized filled pauses.
Unlexicalized Filled Pauses
According to Rose (1998, p.7) and Baalen (2001, par.7), unlexicalized filled pauses are non-lexemes (non-words) filled pauses that speakers use to indicate hesitation or to maintain control of a conversation while thinking of what to say next. Baalen (2001, par.7) adds more explanation that unlexicalized filled pauses consist of ehm, uh, err, ee, ah, um, and so on. Juan (2006, par.1) says that ehm, uh, err, ee, ah, um and other vocalizations that belong to unlexicalized filled pauses are the easiest sounds to make while having a spoken interaction, thus the linguists call them as "neutral vowel sounds". The following is the examples of unlexicalized filled pauses.
A: He was um sitting in the corner. B: Uh, that was weird.
C: Where is err the screw? (Wu, 2001, p.4)
Lexicalized Filled Pauses
Rose (1998, p.7-8) defines lexicalized filled pauses as fillers in the form of word or short phrases, like well, yeah, like, sort of, you know, if you see what I mean, and so on. Baalen (2001, par.7) also states a similar statement that lexicalized filled pauses consist of the phrases you know and I mean which are mostly used when a speaker is grouping for words but does not want to give up the claim to the floor. The following is the examples of lexicalized filled pauses.
A: She was sitting like on the bridge. B: She was well only a baby.
C: I wonder if yeah she thinks about me. (Wu, 2001, p.4) Here are the other examples of fillers that occur in an interaction.
A : Hey, have you seen Al and Judy? B : Well, I saw Judy.
A : Al was with her though, right?
