Test and Non test instruments in Indonesian schools
Lamis Ahmad Esmat
A. BACKGROUND
In general, what is meant by an instrument is a tool that meets academic requirements, so that it can be used as a tool to measure a measuring object or collect data about a variable. In the field of research, the instrument is defined as a tool for collecting data regarding research variables for research needs, while in the field of education the instrument is used to measure student achievement, factors that are suspected to have a relationship or influence on learning outcomes, development of student learning outcomes, the success of the teacher's teaching and learning process, and the successful achievement of a particular program.(Ina Magdalena, 2021) Â (Duden Saepuzaman, 2021).
Basically, the instrument can be divided into two, namely tests and non-tests. Based on the form or type, the test is divided into descriptive and objective tests, while the non-test consists of observation, interview, questionnaire, document analysis, and sociometry. Instruments in the form of tests are of maximum performance while non-test instruments are of typical performance.(Ina Magdalena, Juli2020) (Tri Isti Hartini, 2020)
Instruments for learning outcomes in the form of essay tests have many advantages such as being easy to arrange, not giving many opportunities to speculate and being able to encourage students to dare to express opinions and arrange answers in sentence form. However, the debate among teachers and even among parents is that descriptive tests are often unfair. There is even a view that the method of scoring the essay test is sufficient to look at the short length of the essay test.(Maimunah, Siti, 2021)
On the other hand, the use of non-tests to assess learning outcomes and processes is still very limited when compared to the use of tools through tests in assessing learning outcomes and processes. Even though there are aspects that cannot be measured in "real time" using only tests, such as in mathematics. On the test students were able to answer correctly when asked questions about the steps to paint corners using a compass without a bow, but when asked to paint directly on paper or a blackboard it turned out that they couldn't just use a compass. So by using non-test teachers can comprehensively assess students, not only from the cognitive aspect, but also affective and psychomotor.(Hambali Alman Nasution, 2020) (Kadek Wiwin Pratiwi, 2021)
Based on the problems mentioned above, it is necessary to take steps to prepare and develop both descriptive and non-test tests. It can also be used to obtain a valid test, so that the measurement results can accurately reflect the learning outcomes or learning achievements achieved by each individual test taker after completing the learning activities.(NAUFAL LINA AZMI, 2021) (Tri Isti Hartini, 2020)
B. PROBLEM FORMULATION
Based on the review proposed above, the formulation of the problem is proposed as follows:
1. How is the development of a description test type instrument?
2. How to develop nontes type instruments?
