Many studies on developmental states generally refer to the experiences of East Asian countries, especially Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan in the 20th century. Chalmers Johnson is considered a pioneer in developmental state studies analyzing Japan's development model and industrial policy. Johnson (1982) used the concept of the developmental state to describe the Japanese government's role in Japan's remarkable and unforeseen post-war economic growth, highlighting the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) as a crucial component of Japan's developmental state.
