Starch Characteristics; Alkaloid, Flavonoid, And Terpenoid Contents; And The Toxicity Of Gadung’s (Dioscorea hispida Dennst. ) Tuber From Timor Leste, Kalimantan Tengah, And Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) was known as medicinal herbal plant that used traditionally as an antidiabetic, antioxidant and antitumor. The aims of the research was to know characteristic of starch, phytochemical content and toxicity in gadung’s tuber which are collected from Timor Leste, Kalimantan Tengah, and Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Samples were preparated in wet and dry condition. Wet tuber were used to observe the shape, diameters, amount, and color of aggregat and starch grains of gadung. Dry tuber were made into powder then extracted by soxhletation using chloroform and methanol solvent pro-analysis. Futhermore, the content of alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoidin gadung’s tuber extract was detected using Thin Layer Chromatography method.Analysis of secondary metabolites were done by measurement of Rf score ​​of spots formed. To find out the toxicity of gadung’s tuber was done using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Effect of toxicity from each extract was identified with the percentage of death larva and counted by probit analysis (LC50). The results revealed that the shapes of the starch grains from three accesions are constituted of grains with polyhedral shape and aggregate with rounded shape. Among the three accessions, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta accession presented the highest size of starch diameters and much number of aggregate in each parencyma cells. The color of the grains from three accession when stained with iodine were dark-blue. Extract of three accessions had same Rf score for the alkaloids was0, 312 ; for the flavonoids was0,937 and for the terpenoids were0,187 and 0, 25. Based on BSLT result, the highest toxicity shown from Timor Leste’s chloroform extract with the LC50 by 10 ppm while the methanol extract had no toxic effect. Terpenoid compound with the Rf score were 0, 35 and 0, 375 had possibility in causing toxic.

- my final paper on March 2013-