Literature review
- Depression
According to Jaka Arya Pradana (2016), depression is also known as an invisible or unseen sickness, and it is a condition that is frequently unnoticed by the person experiencing it as well as by others around them. Persistent feelings of dullness, blandness, weakness, disappointment, and hopelessness fall under the category of depression (Oltmanns & Emery, 2013). In a book entitled Depression: A Psychological Review by Dr. Namora Lumongga, it is explained that according to Atkinson (1991), depression is a mood disorder characterized by excessive helplessness, lack of enthusiasm for life, and even suicide attempts.
- Hopelessness
Suicidal thoughts and attempts may be motivated by feelings of self-imposed burdens, extreme hopelessness, isolation or alienation from others, and purposelessness (Bagge, Lamis, Nadorff, & Osman, 2014; Chang et al., 2017a). (Davison, et al, 2013) A state of hopelessness is when a person is depressed and unable to think about the future, do something significant in their life, or empower themselves. Desperate people appear to be sluggish, rigid, stupid, and unwilling to participate in activities or events (Baran, 2015).
- Suicide Ideation
According to Stuart (in Aulia 2016), suicidal ideation is the thought of killing oneself, either by oneself or to others. The tendency to think of destroying or killing oneself intentionally is called suicide ideation, according to Mulyana, Christanti, and Mulya (2021). According to Davison et al. (2014), thoughts and wishes to end one's own life are referred to as suicide. These ideas and desires are frequently linked to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and despair that an individual may not want to express.
Methodology
This research is descriptive with a qualitative approach to describe the data. This research uses the literature study method, which focuses on collecting information on the topic or problem that is the subject of research by reading and studying journals or reference books, as well as the results of similar previous studies to build the A Psychological Review.
Result and finding
Examining crucial facets of mental health, the literature review concentrates on depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation. Depression, as highlighted by Jaka AryaÂ
Pradana (2016), is often characterized as an unseen affliction involving persistent feelings of dullness, blandness, weakness, disappointment, and hopelessness. Dr. Namora Lumongga's book "Depression: A Psychological Review," referencing Atkinson (1991), delineates depression as a mood disorder marked by excessive helplessness, a lack of enthusiasm for life, and even inclinations toward suicide. The exploration extends to hopelessness, proposing that individuals contemplating suicide may grapple with self-perceived burdens, severe hopelessness, loneliness, or a sense of disconnection (Bagge, Lamis, Nadorff, & Osman, 2014; Chang et al., 2017a). This state of hopelessness is portrayed as a circumstance where individuals, hindered by depression, encounter difficulty envisioning a meaningful future or participating in empowering activities (Davison et al., 2013; Baran, 2015).
Additionally, the literature delves into suicidal ideation, defining it as the contemplation of ending one's life, whether directed towards oneself or others (Stuart, in Aulia 2016). Mulyana, Christanti, and Mulya (2021) explore suicidal ideation, describing it as the inclination to intentionally cause harm or death to oneself. Davison et al. (2014) contribute by elucidating that thoughts and desires for suicide are intertwined with feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and despair that may remain unarticulated. The results on the impact of sadness and despair on suicidal ideation in college students provide insight into the factors influencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors in this demographic. Suicidal thoughts and desires often stem from unarticulated feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and despair. These emotional underpinnings, particularly those associated with depression and despair, can significantly influence the emergence of suicidal inclinations. It's crucial to recognize that suicide encompasses not only thoughts but also desires to end one's own life. These desires are often deeply intertwined with unexpressed emotions, making it essential to address these underlying emotional issues in suicide prevention efforts.
Conclusion
