  - Problems: Traffic congestion is a common problem in many big cities, resulting in wastage of time, energy and negative impact on the environment.
  - Solutions: Solutions to congestion involve investing in efficient public transport, promoting bicycle use, carpooling and electric vehicles. The development of better transport infrastructure and sustainable urban planning can also help.
3. Unaffordable Housing:
  - Problem: High housing prices in big cities often make it difficult for many residents to find affordable housing.
  - Solutions: Solutions include affordable housing policies, development of social housing, incentives for affordable housing development, and reform of housing regulations. Governments can also work with the private sector to build more affordable housing.
4. Pollution and Environmental Impact:
  - Problem: Increasing urbanization often results in increased air, water and soil pollution, as well as destruction of natural habitats.
  - Solution: Reducing pollution through stringent policies, investing in clean energy, green transportation, and efficient waste management. Tree planting, habitat conservation and sustainable development must also be part of the solution.
5. Impact of Climate Change:
  - Problems: Uncontrolled urbanization can exacerbate the effects of climate change, such as floods, droughts, and other extreme weather.
  - The solution: Sustainable policies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, develop renewable energy, and strengthen climate-resilient infrastructure are all part of the solution. Increased public awareness about the importance of contributing to overcoming climate change is also needed.
