Teacher's Language Features in Facilitating Learners' Involvement and Providing Opportunities for Learning

520 L6: =yeah=

(Taken from Walsh 2011).

Extended Wait-time

Another strategy teachers can use to boost students’ confidence in participating in the discussion is extended wai-time. Giving students a longer wait-time to think about a question or prompt, is not only able to engage a greater number of students participating in the discussion but also engages the longer and complex answer. In addition of its practice, the teacher can also give a clear wait time, for example announcing that students have two minutes to think or jot down any ideas they have regarding the issues or questions (Leading Effective Discussions, 2016). Subsequently, students have the exact same time to recall their memories and arrange words into arguments. As all of the students have the same opportunity to get involved in the discussion, the domination of certain fast or high-achiever students can be handled. For the reasons mentioned, teacher is possible to gradually reduce their participation and let the students drive their own discussion. These are the examples taken from Walsh (2011), where teacher utterances started to lessen as extended wait-time was given.

508 L5: =you can count your time for example look what what’s the difference time with your 

509 country how many hours? (3)

510 L: eight hours=

511 L5: =eight hours ok you can phone early in the morning it will be evening in your 

512 country= 

513 L4: =if I go to home if ((5)) if I call her Korea it’s eh [midnight] 

514 L: [midnight] . . .