HoloQosmos (Holographic Quantum Cosmology)
Current Big Bang Theory lets limitless number of possibilities of multiverses.
In a paper published in the "Journal of High Energy Physics", Stephen Hawking and Thomas Hertog from KU Leven present a model that reduces the boundless multiverse to a more manageable range of possible universe using holography, based on String Theory (Cordis, 2018).
No Big Bang Model
The new theory proposed by Ali and Saurya Das from University of Lethbridge in Alberta Canada, in which the cosmos is filled with a quantum fluid suggests that there was no Big Bang. The new theory suggests the universe was much smaller in the past but it was never a singularity. Instead, the universe appears to have existed forever (Zeeya, 2015)
Cosmic Topology and Gravitational WaveÂ
Proposals had been made by researchers about the shape of the universe in the expanding field of cosmic topology; include tetrahedral and octahedral spaces, flat doughnut, and an infinite horn shaped universe. The popular one was universe that is shaped like a football/ dodecahedron. In that scenario, an object that travels away from earth in a straight line will eventually return from the other side of the universe, having been rotated by 36 degree. Space might therefore act like a cosmic hall of mirrors and creating multiple images of faraway light source.
However, the best way to determine the shape of our universe is to go back to its beginning, just after the Big Bang. The infant universe is thought to have been crossed by acoustic waves that would have caused tiny density fluctuations in the primordial plasma. After about 380,000 years, however, the universe had expanded and cooled enough to allow matter and antimatter to decouple. This meant that photons could travel unhindered through space, carrying with them vital information about the primordial density fluctuations (which are now thought to have been the seeds for galaxies and clusters of galaxies to form). Today, 13.7Â billion years after the Big Bang, this radiation has cooled to a temperature of about 2.7 K, which is in the microwave region. And the fluctuations are imprinted as hot and cold spots in this cosmic microwave background (Luminet, 2015)
Just recently in September 2015, gravitational wave that carried information from the clash of two black holes was observed. According to Einstein, an object with enormous mass that accelerated will form a ripple that spread away across the universe. That ripple what we call as gravitational wave. This gravitational wave carries information about what caused it. Using gravitational wave, we might know detail/ information from just a little time after the Big Bang (Nugraha, 2016)
In remembrance of Stephen Hawking
I was feeling so sad when I heard the news that Stephen Hawking had passed away. Just earlier this year I’d searched and read again his work like Universe in a Nutshell and The Grand Design, just hoped that he will make another ones, so when in that March the news came, it hit me quite hardly. It was one of my saddest day .
