1. Hasan Hanafi born on February 13, 1935 in Cairo is a reformer figure in Islamic thought, the main point lies in how Islam can be actualized in context and real life especially can transform Muslims from underdevelopment towards progress. [1] The initial idea was to reconstruct traditional theology. Traditional theology, said Hanafi, was born in a historical context when the Islamic core of the belief system, namely God's transcendence, was attacked by representatives of old sects and cultures. Theology is intended to maintain the main doctrine and to maintain its purity.Hanafi asserted that the reconstruction of theology did not have to have implications for the loss of old traditions. Theological reconstruction to confront new threats that come to the world by using concepts that are preserved purely in history. The preserved tradition determines more activations to be expressed in the present worldly reality. Dialectics must be carried out in the form of actions, not only consisting of concepts and arguments between individuals, but the dialectics of various societies and nations among conflicting interests. [2] The government or Islamic country seen by Hanafi, has a very close influence in advancing these Muslims. The state can be a mediator and enforcer of various problems that arise. However, the government was also effective enough to further complicate the unity of Muslims.
2. The epistemological thinking offered by al-Jabiri bayani, 'irfani, and burhani became moderate Islamic thought today. Thus, the critique of reason here is intended to free Arabic reason from the hegemony of turts, then start again from the reality of the Arab-Islamic culture itself, without having to be burdened with a majority / dominant perspective that has been rooted for so long in Arab consciousness.
Irfani's epistemology itself is that the knowledge gained is not based on texts like bayani, but on kasyf, the revelation of the secrets of reality by God. therefore, irfani knowledge is not obtained based on analysis of a fixed text with the spirit, in which with purity of heart, it is hoped that God will bestow knowledge directly on it. enter the mind, then conceptualized logically to others.Unlike the epistemology of bayani reasoning, if the infant tends to tend to the sacred text, while the spiritual man is not based on the text at all, and also not on experience, but burhani relies on the strength of the ratio carried out by the postulates of logic. Even religious arguments can only be accepted as long as it is in accordance with rational logic. This epistemological comparison, as explained by al-Jabiri, bayani reasoning produces knowledge through the analogy of non-physical reality to physical reality, or to origin, burhani produces knowledge through logical principles of prior knowledge whose truth has been believed to be true.
