How does photosynthesis provide energy for life on Earth?
Introduction:
Photosynthesis is a key biological process that sustains life on Earth. It is the primary mechanism by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, providing an energy base for ecosystems worldwide. This explanatory text aims to delve into the intricate details of photosynthesis, explain its key components, and highlight its critical role in sustaining life as we know it.
Process of photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis can be divided into two distinct stages.
Light-dependent and light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle). Let's examine each of these stages in detail.
1.1 Light-dependent reactions:
The first step in photosynthesis, the light-dependent reaction, occurs in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. Here's the breakdown of the process:
1.1.1 Absorption of light energy:
Chlorophyll, the pigment contained in chloroplasts, captures the light energy of the sun. This energy is absorbed by special molecules called antenna complexes in the photosystem of the thylakoid membrane.
1.1.2 Electron transport chain:
