-Psychomotor: Pronunciation accuracy and language construction.
-Affective: Emotional management during communication.
3. Challenges in Language Learning
Psycholinguistics also helps identify challenges in language learning, including:
- From Students:
Diverse intelligence levels, environmental influences, and lack of learning motivation.
- From Teachers:
Limited mastery of linguistic materials or use of non-varied teaching methods.
- From Curriculum:
Irrelevance between learning objectives and students' needs, or insufficient integration of theory and practice.
- From Facilities:
Lack of teaching media, such as audio-visual aids, and inadequate physical learning environments.
4. Dimensions of Language Learning
Language learning involves two complementary dimensions:
1. Internal Dimension:
- Focuses on the study of language structure, including phonology (sound), morphology (word formation), syntax (sentence structure), and semantics (meaning).
- This dimension helps students understand the formal rules of language.
2. External Dimension:
- Relates language to social aspects, such as psychology, culture, and religion.
- Prepares students to use language in various real-world contexts.
5. Psycholinguistic Approaches to Language Learning
Psycholinguistic-based language learning encourages the collaboration of linguistic and psychological knowledge. This is implemented through:
- Communicative Approaches:
Focuses on developing students' overall language competence (grammatical, discourse, strategic, and sociolinguistic).
- Encourages students to actively use language in everyday situations, making learning more practical.
