Surabaya, a bustling metropolis in East Java, Indonesia, is increasingly grappling with the impacts of climate change. Rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall patterns, and sea level rise pose significant threats to the environment, economy, and public health of the city.
Climate change in Surabaya is primarily driven by global greenhouse gas emissions, which trap heat in the atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise. This warming has far-reaching consequences for the city. According to a source from a journal titled "Aerosols overtake greenhouse gases, causing a warmer climate and more weather extremes toward carbon neutrality" by Pinya Wang, Yang Yang, Lili Ren, and others (2023), human activities have caused the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to increase drastically since 1750, leading to a warming climate over the past few centuries. This has caused the rate of global warming to increase in recent decades, with the average global surface air temperature rising by 1.1C above pre-industrial levels.
The study aligns with what is happening in Surabaya currently, as Surabaya has experienced a stable increase in average temperature over the past few decades. This increase has contributed to the heatwave, which can be dangerous, especially for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and children. Heatwaves can also exacerbate health issues such as respiratory problems and dehydration.
The rainfall pattern in Surabaya has become more unpredictable. This city has experienced both prolonged drought periods and heavy rainfall events. These changes can cause water shortages, floods, and landslides, which can disrupt livelihoods and infrastructure.
Surabaya is located near the coast, making it vulnerable to rising sea levels. Rising sea levels can increase the frequency of coastal flooding and erosion. This poses a threat to coastal residents and infrastructure, such as ports and industries.
The impact of climate change in Surabaya is extensive and affects various aspects of life in the city.
Climate change is damaging Surabaya's ecosystem. The increase in temperature and changes in rainfall patterns can lead to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and soil erosion. These environmental impacts can have a cascading effect on ecosystems and the services they provide, such as water purification, flood control, and carbon absorption.
Climate change can also have significant economic consequences for Surabaya. Extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, can damage infrastructure, disrupt businesses, and reduce agricultural productivity. Rising sea levels threaten coastal industries and tourism, which are vital sectors for Surabaya's economy.
Climate change is a major public health issue in Surabaya. Heatwaves, air pollution, and waterborne diseases can increase the burden on the healthcare system. Climate change can also affect food security and nutrition, leading to malnutrition and other health issues.
The Surabaya local government is implementing adaptation measures to reduce Surabaya's vulnerability to climate change. These measures include improving the drainage system, building flood barriers, and planting trees to increase green cover.
Surabaya is also striving to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through energy efficiency measures, the adoption of renewable energy, and sustainable transportation initiatives.
