Text contains ideas which are arranged coherently and cohesively. Coherence refers to how the ideas are composed along with suitable context. The context and text must be able to bridge the ideation to the target readers. So, when text is accessible to readers' internal resources, it is coherent. It has placed on the right function and impact. It's concluded that incoherent text happens when the text doesn't show suitable correlation with the involved readers including background, social environment, etc. As the result, when this unsuitable thing happens, the text functions cannot be executed. It becomes failed.
After knowing coherence, what is cohesiveness? As their existences are considered for presenting text unity, they cannot be separated. Ever experienced reading text with articles, conjunctions, and pronouns; Then, you seek how they refer? You are reading on cohesiveness. That relates to the relationship of language unit or grammar. Tenses also impact on logical relationship towards timing and continuity. They support the representation of specific genres. Narrative uses past tense dominantly, procedure with simple present, essay with various tenses because of the richness of idea organization, and so on.
Expanding Ideas, Showing Continuity, and Staging
From the realizations above, text can refer on dynamic language use. It starts on a main point. It is then continued and expanded. Finally, it creates discourse. In basic reading, students are guided to get main idea on each paragraph. When they have got the list of main idea, they have enough resource to prove the dynamic realization. Text is never static as long as its ability to execute its functions. The functions are done from internal structure to its impact on readers including its environment.
On grammar, the dynamic realization shows on the shifts of ideation, mood structures (subject and finite as the core of clause to exchange message), and linear expansion of message. The dynamic aspect is also proved on the plot. Tense aspects embed the way of a told story whether it is flashback, progressive, or mixed.
Those parts will result staging on text. It's ended on, what we call as, generic structure. Text structure indicates that the text has stages to tell its ideas or story. It's an implementation of dynamic structure on text. Discourse markers support this as well.
This article has shown us the correlation of basic reading and grammar for discourse. Next time, we will talk deeper on internal resources to build text, specifically on realizing language functions.
