ENGLISH
Roger Bacon Roger Bacon (circa 1214-1294), also known as Doctor Mirabilis (Latin: "Wondrous Doctor"), was an English philosopher and Franciscan friar who gave great emphasis to the empirical method. He is sometimes credited as being one of the earliest European supporters of the modern scientific method inspired by the works of Plato and Aristotle through early Islamic scientists such as Avicenna and Averroes.
FRENCH
Peter Abelard Peter Abelard (1079 - 21 April 1142) is a scholastic philosopher, theologian and logician. The story of his affair and his love for Hlose has become a legend. The Chambers Biography Dictionary describes him as "the sharpest thinker and the bravest theologian of the 12th century".
The importance of Abelard in general lies in his more assertive attitude in determining philosophy tahan anyone before him, with the aim of formally giving a rational expression to accept ecclesiastical doctrine. But their own interpretation might have been condemned, they were basically arranged in the same spirit as the general thought scheme which was later elaborated in the 13th century with the approval of the heads of the Church.
GERMAN
Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) was a philosopher and mathematician who wrote mainly in Latin and French. Leibniz, together with Ren Descartes and Baruch Spinoza, was one of three great supporters of 17th-century rationalism. Leibniz's work also anticipates modern logic and analytic philosophy, but his philosophy also looks back to the scholastic tradition, where conclusions are generated by applying reason to the first principle or a priori definition rather than empirical evidence.
